Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / dictionaries / school dictionary / G / gainsay

gainsay

Who acts: something, Nobody, He, I, sky · What happens: gainsay, be, not be, deny, argue, not agree · To what, where: someone, queen, master · Speech: someone speaks here

«gainsay» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gainsay in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To gainsay is to say that something is not true; to deny or argue against it.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 gainsay	mark
2	gainsay	gainsay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 say	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 say	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 say	mark
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 true	mark
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	10 true	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 true	cop
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 true	advmod
10	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 say	ccomp
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 deny	punct
12	to	to	PART	_	13 deny	mark
13	deny	deny	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 say	parataxis
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 argue	cc
15	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	13 deny	conj
16	against	against	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 argue	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gainsay	to-infinitive							tree rules
2	be speech: assert	present						say property	tree rules
3	not is	present	something					true property	tree rules
4	deny	to-infinitive							vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
5	argue speech: disagree	infinitive						against it	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To gainsay someone is to refuse to agree with them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 gainsay	mark
2	gainsay	gainsay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 refuse	advcl
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 gainsay	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 refuse	cop
5	to	to	PART	_	6 refuse	mark
6	refuse	refuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 agree	mark
8	agree	agree	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 refuse	xcomp
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 them	case
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 agree	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 refuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gainsay	to-infinitive		someone					tree rules
2	is	present						refuse property	tree rules
3	not agree speech: agree	to-infinitive						with them = they	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with they=Co-Agent

Example 1

Nobody could gainsay the queen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 gainsay	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 gainsay	aux
3	gainsay	gainsay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 queen	det
5	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gainsay	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gainsay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gainsay	could	Nobody	the queen					tree rules

Example 2

He dared not gainsay his master.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 gainsay	nsubj
2	dared	dare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 gainsay	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 dared	advmod
4	gainsay	gainsay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 master	nmod:poss
6	master	master	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gainsay	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 gainsay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gainsay	past	He	his master					tree rules

Example 3

I cannot gainsay that the sky is blue.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 gainsay	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 gainsay	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 gainsay	advmod
4	gainsay	gainsay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 blue	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sky	det
7	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 blue	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 blue	cop
9	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gainsay	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 gainsay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not gainsay	can	I						tree rules
2	is	present	the sky					blue property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gainsay/