germ Who acts: that, seed, you, Germs, Soap, it · What happens: see, make, grow, begin, wash, get · To what, where: people, something, plant, hands, elbow, you
«germ» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: germ in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A very tiny living thing, too small to see, that can make people or animals ill.
The tree, 16 words det advmod amod compound punct advmod amod mark advcl punct nsubj aux parataxis obj cc conj xcomp punct root A DET very ADV tiny ADJ living NOUN thing NOUN , PUNCT too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB , PUNCT that PRON can AUX make VERB people NOUN or CCONJ animals NOUN ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 2 very very ADV _ 3 tiny advmod 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 5 thing amod 4 living living NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing compound 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 small punct 7 too too ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 thing amod 9 to to PART _ 10 see mark 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 small advcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 make punct 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 make nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 make aux 14 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 thing parataxis 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 make obj 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 animals cc 17 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 15 people conj 18 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 14 make xcomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 make can that people or animals ill property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The very beginning of something that grows.
det advmod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET very ADV beginning NOUN of ADP something PRON that PRON grows VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 beginning det 2 very very ADV _ 3 beginning advmod 3 beginning beginning NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 beginning nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 grows nsubj 7 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 beginning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 begin something nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"the germ of an idea".
punct det case det nmod punct punct root " PUNCT the DET germ NOUN of ADP an DET idea NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 germ punct 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 germ det 3 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 idea case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 idea det 6 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 germ nmod 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 germ punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 germ punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 The part of a seed that grows into a plant (wheat germ).
The tree, 12 words det case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct compound appos punct punct root The DET part NOUN of ADP a DET seed NOUN that PRON grows VERB into ADP a DET plant NOUN ( PUNCT wheat NOUN germ NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 part det 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 seed case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 seed det 5 seed seed NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 grows nsubj 7 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 seed acl:relcl 8 into into ADP _ 10 plant case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plant det 10 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 grows obl 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 germ punct 12 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 13 germ compound 13 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing 10 plant appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 germ punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present a seed into a plant result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into plant=Result
Example 1 Wash your hands to get rid of germs.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl xcomp case obl punct root Wash VERB your PRON hands NOUN to PART get VERB rid ADJ of ADP germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wash obj 4 to to PART _ 5 get mark 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wash advcl 6 rid rid ADJ Degree=Pos 5 get xcomp 7 of of ADP _ 8 germs case 8 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 6 rid obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here your hands vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 get to-infinitive you not said here rid property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 Germs are too small to see.
nsubj cop advmod mark advcl punct root Germs NOUN are AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 4 small nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 small cop 3 too too ADV _ 4 small advmod 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 small advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Germs small property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive Germs not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Sneeze into your elbow so germs don't spread.
case nmod:poss obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root Sneeze VERB into ADP your PRON elbow NOUN so SCONJ germs NOUN do AUX n't PART spread VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sneeze sneeze VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 into into ADP _ 4 elbow case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 elbow nmod:poss 4 elbow elbow NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sneeze obl 5 so so SCONJ _ 9 spread mark 6 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 9 spread nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 spread aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 spread advmod 9 spread spread VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Sneeze advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sneeze punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneeze imperative you not said here your elbow vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not spread present · do-support germs vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Some germs make you sick.
det nsubj obj xcomp punct root Some DET germs NOUN make VERB you PRON sick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 germs det 2 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 make obj 5 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 3 make xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present some germs you sick property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product
Example 5 Soap kills many germs.
nsubj amod obj punct root Soap NOUN kills VERB many ADJ germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soap soap NOUN Number=Sing 2 kills nsubj 2 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 germs amod 4 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 2 kills obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 kills punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present Soap many germs vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme
Example 6 Germs can live on door handles.
nsubj aux case compound obl punct root Germs NOUN can AUX live VERB on ADP door NOUN handles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 live aux 3 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 handles case 5 door door NOUN Number=Sing 6 handles compound 6 handles handle NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live can Germs door handles vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on handle=Location
Example 7 Cook meat well to kill germs.
obj advmod mark advcl obj punct root Cook VERB meat NOUN well ADV to PART kill VERB germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cook cook VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cook obj 3 well well ADV Degree=Pos 1 Cook advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 kill mark 5 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Cook advcl 6 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 5 kill obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cook imperative you not said here meat well property vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent meat=Patient 2 kill to-infinitive you not said here germs vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme
Example 8 That was the germ of a great idea.
nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root That PRON was AUX the DET germ NOUN of ADP a DET great ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 germ nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 germ cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 germ det 4 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 idea case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 idea det 7 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 8 idea amod 8 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 4 germ nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 germ punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past That the germ of a great idea tree rules
Example 9 "Why, it's a mass of scarlet fever germs!-Burn it at once.
The tree, 13 words punct punct nsubj cop det appos case compound compound nmod punct punct acl:relcl obj case obl punct root " PUNCT Why ADV , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX a DET mass NOUN of ADP scarlet NOUN fever NOUN germs NOUN ! PUNCT - PUNCT Burn VERB it PRON at ADP once ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Why punct 2 Why why ADV PronType=Int root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 mass punct 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 mass nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mass cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mass det 7 mass mass NOUN Number=Sing 2 Why appos 8 of of ADP _ 11 germs case 9 scarlet scarlet NOUN Number=Sing 10 fever compound 10 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 11 germs compound 11 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 7 mass nmod 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 11 germs punct 13 - - PUNCT _ 14 Burn punct 14 Burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 germs acl:relcl 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 Burn obj 16 at at ADP _ 17 once case 17 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 14 Burn obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 Why punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present it a mass of fever germs tree rules 2 burn in a quote infinitive fever germs not said here mass vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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