give Who acts: other side, me, I, exam voice, we, Ben · What happens: give, be, have, hand, give up, try · To what, where: something, present, salt, me, hug, talk · Speech: someone speaks here
«give» in the school dictionary: its 9 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: give in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To give is to let someone have something of yours: give a present.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark obj xcomp obj case nmod punct conj det obj punct root To PART give VERB is AUX to PART let VERB someone PRON have VERB something PRON of ADP yours PRON : PUNCT give VERB a DET present NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 let csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 let cop 4 to to PART _ 5 let mark 5 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 let obj 7 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 let xcomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 have obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 yours case 10 yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 something nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 give punct 12 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 let conj 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 present det 14 present present NOUN Number=Sing 12 give obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present let property tree rules 3 have infinitive something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 4 give infinitive a present vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To give is to pass or hand something: give me the salt.
mark csubj cop mark cc conj obj punct conj iobj det obj punct root To PART give VERB is AUX to PART pass VERB or CCONJ hand VERB something PRON : PUNCT give VERB me PRON the DET salt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 pass csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pass cop 4 to to PART _ 5 pass mark 5 pass pass VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hand cc 7 hand hand VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 pass conj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 hand obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 give punct 10 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 pass conj 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 give iobj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 salt det 13 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 10 give obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 pass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present pass property tree rules 3 hand infinitive something vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 4 give infinitive the salt me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient salt=Theme
Meaning 3 To give is to do an action: give a hug, give a talk.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark det obj punct conj det obj punct conj det obj punct root To PART give VERB is AUX to PART do VERB an DET action NOUN : PUNCT give VERB a DET hug NOUN , PUNCT give VERB a DET talk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 do csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 do cop 4 to to PART _ 5 do mark 5 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 action det 7 action action NOUN Number=Sing 5 do obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 give punct 9 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 do conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hug det 11 hug hug NOUN Number=Sing 9 give obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 give punct 13 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 give conj 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 talk det 15 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 13 give obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present do property tree rules 3 give infinitive a hug vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hug=Theme 4 give infinitive a talk vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Theme
Meaning 4 To give up is to stop trying.
mark advcl compound:prt cop mark xcomp punct root To PART give VERB up ADP is AUX to PART stop VERB trying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 stop advcl 3 up up ADP _ 2 give compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stop cop 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stop xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up to-infinitive vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present stop property tree rules 3 try gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 5 To give way is to let others go first, or to break.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj xcomp advmod punct cc mark conj punct root To PART give VERB way NOUN is AUX to PART let VERB others NOUN go VERB first ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART break VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let advcl 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 let cop 5 to to PART _ 6 let mark 6 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 others other NOUN Number=Plur 6 let obj 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let xcomp 9 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 go advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 break punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 break cc 12 to to PART _ 13 break mark 13 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 let conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive way vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme 2 is present let property tree rules 3 go infinitive first property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 break to-infinitive vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 6 To give in is to stop arguing and let the other side win.
mark advcl compound:prt cop mark xcomp cc conj det amod nsubj xcomp punct root To PART give VERB in ADP is AUX to PART stop VERB arguing VERB and CCONJ let VERB the DET other ADJ side NOUN win VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 stop advcl 3 in in ADP _ 2 give compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stop cop 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 arguing argue VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stop xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 let cc 9 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 stop conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 side det 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 12 side amod 12 side side NOUN Number=Sing 13 win nsubj 13 win win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 let xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in to-infinitive vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present stop property tree rules 3 argue speech: disagree gerund vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 let infinitive tree rules 5 win present the other side vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Give us a go» (UK, Australia) means let me have a turn; «give or take» means about, more or less; «I don't give a toss» (rude, UK) means I don't care.
The tree, 33 words punct nsubj iobj det obj punct punct parataxis punct conj punct ccomp obj xcomp det obj punct punct csubj cc conj punct parataxis advmod punct advmod cc conj punct punct nsubj aux advmod nsubj det obj punct punct nsubj punct appos punct parataxis nsubj aux advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT Give VERB us PRON a DET go NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT UK PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB let VERB me PRON have VERB a DET turn NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT give VERB or CCONJ take VERB » PUNCT means VERB about ADV , PUNCT more ADV or CCONJ less ADV ; PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON do AUX n't PART give VERB a DET toss NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT rude ADJ , PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB I PRON do AUX n't PART care VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 12 means nsubj 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Give iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 go det 5 go go NOUN Number=Sing 2 Give obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 UK punct 8 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 Give parataxis 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 Australia punct 10 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 8 UK conj 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 UK punct 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 means ccomp 14 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 let obj 15 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 let xcomp 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 turn det 17 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 15 have obj 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 give punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 20 give punct 20 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 24 means csubj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 take cc 22 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 20 give conj 23 » » PUNCT _ 20 give punct 24 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 means parataxis 25 about about ADV _ 24 means advmod 26 , , PUNCT _ 27 more punct 27 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 24 means advmod 28 or or CCONJ _ 29 less cc 29 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 27 more conj 30 ; ; PUNCT _ 35 give punct 31 « « PUNCT _ 35 give punct 32 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 35 give nsubj 33 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 35 give aux 34 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 35 give advmod 35 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 44 means nsubj 36 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 37 toss det 37 toss toss NOUN Number=Sing 35 give obj 38 » » PUNCT _ 35 give punct 39 ( ( PUNCT _ 40 rude punct 40 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 44 means nsubj 41 , , PUNCT _ 42 UK punct 42 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 40 rude appos 43 ) ) PUNCT _ 42 UK punct 44 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 means parataxis 45 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 48 care nsubj 46 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 48 care aux 47 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 48 care advmod 48 care care VERB VerbForm=Inf 44 means ccomp 49 . . PUNCT _ 12 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote infinitive a go us tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 let infinitive me tree rules 4 have infinitive me not said here a turn vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Patient 5 give in a quote infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 6 take in a quote infinitive vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 7 mean present about property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 8 not give in a quote present · do-support I a toss vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toss=Theme 9 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 10 not care present · do-support I vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 8 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«Give it here!», «give it back!» demand something roughly; «give someone a hard time» means to tease or nag them.
The tree, 20 words punct nsubj obj advmod punct punct punct punct conj obj advmod punct punct conj obj advmod punct punct conj obj det amod obj punct mark xcomp cc conj obj punct root « PUNCT Give VERB it PRON here ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT give VERB it PRON back ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT demand VERB something PRON roughly ADV ; PUNCT « PUNCT give VERB someone PRON a DET hard ADJ time NOUN » PUNCT means VERB to PART tease VERB or CCONJ nag VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 25 means nsubj 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Give obj 4 here here ADV PronType=Dem 2 Give advmod 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 give punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 give punct 9 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Give conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 give obj 11 back back ADV _ 9 give advmod 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 13 » » PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 14 demand demand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Give conj 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 demand obj 16 roughly roughly ADV _ 14 demand advmod 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 give punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 give punct 19 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Give conj 20 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 19 give obj 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 time det 22 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 23 time amod 23 time time NOUN Number=Sing 19 give obj 24 » » PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 25 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 26 to to PART _ 27 tease mark 27 tease tease VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 means xcomp 28 or or CCONJ _ 29 nag cc 29 nag nag VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 tease conj 30 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 nag obj 31 . . PUNCT _ 25 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote infinitive it here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 give back in a quote infinitive it vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 demand speech: request infinitive something roughly property vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Precondition 4 give in a quote infinitive someone time vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 5 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 tease not said to happen to-infinitive vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 7 nag infinitive them = they vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Meaning 9 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice says «donate», «transfer», «allocate», «bestow», «furnish», «relinquish» (give up), and «given that» means «we know that».
The tree, 19 words det compound nsubj punct ccomp punct punct punct obl punct punct punct ccomp punct punct punct ccomp punct punct punct ccomp punct punct punct csubj punct punct conj compound:prt punct punct cc punct parataxis obj punct parataxis punct nsubj ccomp obj punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN says VERB « PUNCT donate VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT transfer NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT allocate VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT bestow VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT furnish VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT relinquish VERB » PUNCT ( PUNCT give VERB up ADP ) PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT given VERB that PRON » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT we PRON know VERB that PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 donate punct 6 donate donate VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 donate punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 transfer punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 transfer punct 10 transfer transfer NOUN Number=Sing 6 donate obl 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 donate punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 allocate punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 allocate punct 14 allocate allocate VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 allocate punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 bestow punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 bestow punct 18 bestow bestow VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 bestow punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 furnish punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 22 furnish punct 22 furnish furnish VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 furnish punct 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 relinquish punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 26 relinquish punct 26 relinquish relinquish VERB VerbForm=Inf 38 means csubj 27 » » PUNCT _ 26 relinquish punct 28 ( ( PUNCT _ 29 give punct 29 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 relinquish conj 30 up up ADP _ 29 give compound:prt 31 ) ) PUNCT _ 29 give punct 32 , , PUNCT _ 35 given punct 33 and and CCONJ _ 35 given cc 34 « « PUNCT _ 35 given punct 35 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 26 relinquish parataxis 36 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 35 given obj 37 » » PUNCT _ 35 given punct 38 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 says parataxis 39 « « PUNCT _ 41 know punct 40 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 41 know nsubj 41 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 38 means ccomp 42 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 41 know obj 43 » » PUNCT _ 41 know punct 44 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the exam voice vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 donate in a quote infinitive transfer vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 allocate in a quote infinitive vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 4 bestow in a quote infinitive tree rules 5 furnish in a quote infinitive vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6 relinquish in a quote infinitive vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 7 give up infinitive vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 8 give in a quote participle that vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme 9 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 10 know in a quote present we that vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
Example 1 Ben has 6 books. Ben gives 3 books to a friend. How many books are left?
Sentence 1: Ben has 6 books.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Ben PROPN has VERB 6 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Ben 6 books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient
Sentence 2: Ben gives 3 books to a friend.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root Ben PROPN gives VERB 3 NUM books NOUN to ADP a DET friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 gives obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 friend case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 friend det 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Ben 3 books a friend vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent book=Theme to friend=Recipient
Sentence 3: How many books are left?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN are AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many books vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 Anna has 17 stickers. A friend gives Anna 5 more stickers.
Sentence 1: Anna has 17 stickers.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Anna PROPN has VERB 17 NUM stickers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 17 17 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 stickers nummod 4 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Anna 17 stickers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient
Sentence 2: A friend gives Anna 5 more stickers.
det nsubj iobj nummod amod obj punct root A DET friend NOUN gives VERB Anna PROPN 5 NUM more ADJ stickers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives nsubj 3 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 3 gives iobj 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 stickers nummod 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 stickers amod 7 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 3 gives obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present a friend 5 more stickers Anna vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent anna=Recipient sticker=Theme
Example 3 Mum gives each of her 3 children 4 sweets.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss nummod nmod nummod conj punct root Mum NOUN gives VERB each DET of ADP her PRON 3 NUM children NOUN 4 NUM sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 each each DET PronType=Tot 2 gives obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 children case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 children nmod:poss 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 children nummod 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 each nmod 8 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 sweets nummod 9 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 7 children conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Mum each vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme
Example 4 Give the ball back, please.
det obj advmod punct discourse punct root Give VERB the DET ball NOUN back ADV , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ball det 3 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 1 Give obj 4 back back ADV _ 1 Give advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 1 Give punct 6 please please INTJ _ 1 Give discourse 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give back imperative you not said here the ball vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Example 5 Grandpa gave me a book for my birthday.
nsubj iobj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Grandpa PROPN gave VERB me PRON a DET book NOUN for ADP my PRON birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 gave iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 book det 5 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 birthday case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 birthday nmod:poss 8 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 5 book nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past Grandpa a book me for my birthday vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient book=Theme for birthday=Asset
Example 6 The teacher gave us a hard test.
det nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN gave VERB us PRON a DET hard ADJ test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 test det 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 test amod 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the teacher a hard test us vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient test=Theme
Example 7 Never give up!
advmod compound:prt punct root Never ADV give VERB up ADP ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 give advmod 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 give compound:prt 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not give up imperative you not said here vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Cars must give way to people at the crossing.
nsubj aux obj case obl case det obl punct root Cars NOUN must AUX give VERB way NOUN to ADP people NOUN at ADP the DET crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cars car NOUN Number=Plur 3 give nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 give aux 3 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 give obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 people case 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 give obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 crossing case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 crossing det 9 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 3 give obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give must Cars way people the crossing vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent way=Theme to people=Recipient at crossing=Asset
Example 9 Give it here, it's my turn!
iobj advmod punct nsubj cop nmod:poss obl punct root Give VERB it PRON here ADV , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX my PRON turn NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Give iobj 3 here here ADV PronType=Dem 1 Give advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 turn punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 turn nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 turn cop 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 turn nmod:poss 8 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 1 Give obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give imperative you not said here it here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 is a present it my turn tree rules
Example 10 about 30 people coming, give or take
advmod nummod nsubj punct parataxis cc conj root about ADV 30 NUM people NOUN coming VERB , PUNCT give VERB or CCONJ take VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 about about ADV _ 2 30 advmod 2 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 people nummod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 coming nsubj 4 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 give punct 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 coming parataxis 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 take cc 8 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 give conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come gerund 30 people vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 give infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 take infinitive vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 11 gave 4 to my sister, no wait, 5, how many left out of 12
The tree, 14 words obj case nmod:poss obl punct det conj punct obl punct advmod nsubj conj case case obl root gave VERB 4 NUM to ADP my PRON sister NOUN , PUNCT no DET wait NOUN , PUNCT 5 NUM , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ left VERB out ADP of ADP 12 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 gave obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 sister case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 sister nmod:poss 5 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 1 gave obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 wait punct 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 wait det 8 wait wait NOUN Number=Sing 5 sister conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 5 punct 10 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 gave obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 left punct 12 how how ADV PronType=Int 13 many advmod 13 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 14 left nsubj 14 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 gave conj 15 out out ADP _ 17 12 case 16 of of ADP _ 17 12 case 17 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 left obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past 4 my sister and no wait 5 obl vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 4=Theme to sister=Recipient 2 leave out participle many 12 vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 12=Theme
Example 12 Given that Ben transfers 3 of his 6 volumes to an associate, determine the number he retains.
The tree, 17 words mark mark nsubj advcl obj case nmod:poss nummod nmod case det obl punct det obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Given VERB that SCONJ Ben PROPN transfers VERB 3 NUM of ADP his PRON 6 NUM volumes NOUN to ADP an DET associate NOUN , PUNCT determine VERB the DET number NOUN he PRON retains VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 transfers mark 2 that that SCONJ _ 4 transfers mark 3 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 4 transfers nsubj 4 transfers transfer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 determine advcl 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 transfers obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 volumes case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 volumes nmod:poss 8 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 volumes nummod 9 volumes volume NOUN Number=Plur 5 3 nmod 10 to to ADP _ 12 associate case 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 associate det 12 associate associate NOUN Number=Sing 4 transfers obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 determine punct 14 determine determine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 number det 16 number number NOUN Number=Sing 14 determine obj 17 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 retains nsubj 18 retains retain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 number acl:relcl 19 . . PUNCT _ 14 determine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give participle vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 transfer present Ben 3 of Ben's 6 volumes a associate vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3=Theme to associate=Recipient 3 determine imperative you not said here the number vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 4 retain present Ben the number not said here tree rules
Example 13 "Give me my Bunny!" he said.
punct ccomp iobj nmod:poss iobj punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT Give VERB me PRON my PRON Bunny PROPN ! PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 said ccomp 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Give iobj 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 Bunny nmod:poss 5 Bunny Bunny PROPN Number=Sing 2 Give iobj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote infinitive my Bunny vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient bunny=Theme 2 say speech: express past Bunny vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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