gladiator Who acts: gladiator, man, Many gladiators, gladiators, crowd, We · What happens: be, fight, entertain, mean, train, use · To what, where: man, ancient Rome, other men, arena, crowds, someone
«gladiator» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gladiator in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A gladiator was a man in ancient Rome who fought other men or wild animals in an arena to entertain crowds, often with swords, nets or tridents.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj cc amod conj case det obl mark advcl obj punct advmod case obl punct conj cc conj punct root A DET gladiator NOUN was AUX a DET man NOUN in ADP ancient ADJ Rome PROPN who PRON fought VERB other ADJ men NOUN or CCONJ wild ADJ animals NOUN in ADP an DET arena NOUN to PART entertain VERB crowds NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP swords NOUN , PUNCT nets NOUN or CCONJ tridents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gladiator det 2 gladiator gladiator NOUN Number=Sing 5 man nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 man cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 man det 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 Rome case 7 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 8 Rome amod 8 Rome Rome PROPN Number=Sing 5 man nmod 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 fought nsubj 10 fought fight VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 man acl:relcl 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 12 men amod 12 men man NOUN Number=Plur 10 fought obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 animals cc 14 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 15 animals amod 15 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 12 men conj 16 in in ADP _ 18 arena case 17 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 arena det 18 arena arena NOUN Number=Sing 10 fought obl 19 to to PART _ 20 entertain mark 20 entertain entertain VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 fought advcl 21 crowds crowd NOUN Number=Plur 20 entertain obj 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 often punct 23 often often ADV _ 20 entertain advmod 24 with with ADP _ 25 swords case 25 swords sword NOUN Number=Plur 20 entertain obl 26 , , PUNCT _ 27 nets punct 27 nets net NOUN Number=Plur 25 swords conj 28 or or CCONJ _ 29 tridents cc 29 tridents trident NOUN Number=Plur 25 swords conj 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 man punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a gladiator a man ancient Rome tree rules 2 fight past a man other men or wild animals a arena vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Co-Agent 3 entertain to-infinitive a man not said here crowds with swords and nets or tridents; often property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crowd=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A gladiator can mean someone who fights hard in a contest or argument (figurative).
The tree, 14 words det nsubj aux obj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp case det obl cc conj punct appos punct punct root A DET gladiator NOUN can AUX mean VERB someone PRON who PRON fights VERB hard ADJ in ADP a DET contest NOUN or CCONJ argument NOUN ( PUNCT figurative NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gladiator det 2 gladiator gladiator NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 mean obj 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 fights nsubj 7 fights fight VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 someone acl:relcl 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fights xcomp 9 in in ADP _ 11 contest case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 contest det 11 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing 7 fights obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 argument cc 13 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 11 contest conj 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 figurative punct 15 figurative figurative NOUN Number=Sing 13 argument appos 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 figurative punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a gladiator someone vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Topic 2 fight present a contest or argument hard property vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The gladiator fought a lion in the Colosseum.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET gladiator NOUN fought VERB a DET lion NOUN in ADP the DET Colosseum PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gladiator det 2 gladiator gladiator NOUN Number=Sing 3 fought nsubj 3 fought fight VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lion det 5 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 3 fought obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 Colosseum case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Colosseum det 8 Colosseum Colosseum PROPN Number=Sing 3 fought obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight past the gladiator a lion the Colosseum vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Co-Agent
Example 2 Many gladiators were slaves.
amod nsubj cop punct root Many ADJ gladiators NOUN were AUX slaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 gladiators amod 2 gladiators gladiator NOUN Number=Plur 4 slaves nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 slaves cop 4 slaves slave NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 slaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Many gladiators slaves tree rules
Example 3 Gladiators trained at special schools.
acl case amod obl punct root Gladiators NOUN trained VERB at ADP special ADJ schools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gladiators gladiator NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 trained train VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Gladiators acl 3 at at ADP _ 5 schools case 4 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 5 schools amod 5 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 2 trained obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Gladiators punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 train participle Gladiators not said here special schools vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Some gladiators used a net and a trident.
det nsubj det obj cc det conj punct root Some DET gladiators NOUN used VERB a DET net NOUN and CCONJ a DET trident NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 gladiators det 2 gladiators gladiator NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 net det 5 net net NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 trident cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 trident det 8 trident trident NOUN Number=Sing 5 net conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past some gladiators a net and a trident vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent net=Patient
Example 5 The crowd cheered as the gladiators entered the arena.
det nsubj acl case det obl det obj punct root The DET crowd NOUN cheered VERB as ADP the DET gladiators NOUN entered VERB the DET arena NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 crowd det 2 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 7 entered nsubj 3 cheered cheer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 crowd acl 4 as as ADP _ 6 gladiators case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 gladiators det 6 gladiators gladiator NOUN Number=Plur 3 cheered obl 7 entered enter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 arena det 9 arena arena NOUN Number=Sing 7 entered obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 entered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheer participle the crowd not said here as the gladiators vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 enter past the crowd the arena vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme arena=Destination
Example 6 We made gladiator helmets out of card.
nsubj compound obj case case obl punct root We PRON made VERB gladiator NOUN helmets NOUN out ADP of ADP card NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 gladiator gladiator NOUN Number=Sing 4 helmets compound 4 helmets helmet NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 out out ADP _ 7 card case 6 of of ADP _ 7 card case 7 card card NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We gladiator helmets card vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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