glass Who acts: Glass, you, Glasses, people, jug, She · What happens: be, see through, use, break, make, hold · To what, where: hard clear material, cup, amount, two pieces, frame, mirror · Speech: someone speaks here
«glass» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: glass in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Glass is a hard clear material that you can see through, used for windows, bottles and jars. It breaks easily.
Sentence 1: Glass is a hard clear material that you can see through, used for windows, bottles and jars.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det amod amod obj nsubj aux acl:relcl advmod punct acl case obl punct conj cc conj punct root Glass NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ clear ADJ material NOUN that PRON you PRON can AUX see VERB through ADV , PUNCT used VERB for ADP windows NOUN , PUNCT bottles NOUN and CCONJ jars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 6 material nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 material cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 material det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 material amod 5 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 6 material amod 6 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 see obj 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 see nsubj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 see aux 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 material acl:relcl 11 through through ADV _ 10 see advmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 used punct 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 material acl 14 for for ADP _ 15 windows case 15 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 13 used obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 bottles punct 17 bottles bottle NOUN Number=Plur 15 windows conj 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 jars cc 19 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 15 windows conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Glass a hard clear material tree rules 2 see through can you a hard clear material through property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus 3 use participle a hard clear material not said here for windows and bottles and jars vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It breaks easily.
nsubj advmod punct root It PRON breaks VERB easily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 breaks nsubj 2 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 easily easily ADV _ 2 breaks advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 breaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present Glass easily property vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 2 A glass is a cup made of glass for drinking, and a glass of something is the amount it holds.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det acl case obl case obl punct cc det nsubj case nmod cop det appos nsubj acl:relcl punct root A DET glass NOUN is AUX a DET cup NOUN made VERB of ADP glass NOUN for ADP drinking NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ a DET glass NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX the DET amount NOUN it PRON holds VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glass det 2 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 5 cup nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cup cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cup det 5 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 cup acl 7 of of ADP _ 8 glass case 8 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 9 for for ADP _ 10 drinking case 10 drinking drinking NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 19 amount punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 19 amount cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 glass det 14 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 19 amount nsubj 15 of of ADP _ 16 something case 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 glass nmod 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 amount cop 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 amount det 19 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 5 cup appos 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 holds nsubj 21 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 amount acl:relcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 cup punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a glass a cup tree rules 2 make participle a cup not said here of glass; for drinking vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for drinking=Asset 3 is a present a glass of something the amount tree rules 4 hold present glass the amount not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme
Meaning 3 Glasses are two pieces of glass or plastic in a frame that people wear to see better.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop nummod case nmod cc conj case det nmod obj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp advmod punct root Glasses NOUN are AUX two NUM pieces NOUN of ADP glass NOUN or CCONJ plastic NOUN in ADP a DET frame NOUN that PRON people NOUN wear VERB to PART see VERB better ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 4 pieces nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 pieces cop 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 pieces nummod 4 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 glass case 6 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 4 pieces nmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 plastic cc 8 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 4 pieces conj 9 in in ADP _ 11 frame case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 frame det 11 frame frame NOUN Number=Sing 8 plastic nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 wear obj 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 wear nsubj 14 wear wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 frame acl:relcl 15 to to PART _ 16 see mark 16 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 wear xcomp 17 better well ADV Degree=Cmp 16 see advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 pieces punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Glasses two pieces or plastic in a frame of glass tree rules 2 wear present people a frame tree rules 3 see to-infinitive people not said here well property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 4 A glass can also mean a mirror, especially an old-fashioned one.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj aux advmod det obj punct advmod det amod punct amod appos punct root A DET glass NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB a DET mirror NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV an DET old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glass det 2 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mirror det 7 mirror mirror NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 14 one punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 14 one advmod 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 one det 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 13 fashioned amod 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 old punct 13 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 14 one amod 14 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 mirror appos 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a glass a mirror vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mirror=Topic
Example 1 A jug fills 6 glasses.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET jug NOUN fills VERB 6 NUM glasses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 jug det 2 jug jug NOUN Number=Sing 3 fills nsubj 3 fills fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 glasses nummod 5 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 3 fills obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 fills punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill present a jug 6 glasses vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent glass=Patient
Example 2 Each glass holds 250 millilitres.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET glass NOUN holds VERB 250 NUM millilitres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 glass det 2 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 250 250 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 millilitres nummod 5 millilitres millilitre NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each glass 250 millilitres vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent millilitre=Theme
Example 3 She drank 3 glasses of milk.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root She PRON drank VERB 3 NUM glasses NOUN of ADP milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 drank nsubj 2 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 glasses nummod 4 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 2 drank obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 milk case 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 4 glasses nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past She 3 glasses of milk vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient
Example 4 2 glasses broke, so 10 are left.
nummod nsubj punct advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root 2 NUM glasses NOUN broke VERB , PUNCT so ADV 10 NUM are AUX left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 glasses nummod 2 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 3 broke nsubj 3 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 left punct 5 so so ADV _ 8 left advmod 6 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 left nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 left aux:pass 8 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 broke conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past 2 glasses vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 leave present · passive 10 vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 The window is made of glass.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET window NOUN is AUX made VERB of ADP glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 window det 2 window window NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 glass case 6 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive the window of glass vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 6 Grandma puts on her glasses to read.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl punct root Grandma NOUN puts VERB on ADP her PRON glasses NOUN to PART read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 puts nsubj 2 puts put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 glasses case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 glasses nmod:poss 5 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 2 puts obl 6 to to PART _ 7 read mark 7 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 puts advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 puts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put present Grandma Grandma's glasses vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on glass=Destination 2 read to-infinitive Grandma not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Use a magnifying glass to look at the ant.
det amod obj mark advcl case det obl punct root Use VERB a DET magnifying VERB glass NOUN to PART look VERB at ADP the DET ant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 glass det 3 magnifying magnify VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 glass amod 4 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 5 to to PART _ 6 look mark 6 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Use advcl 7 at at ADP _ 9 ant case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ant det 9 ant ant NOUN Number=Sing 6 look obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a magnifying glass vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient 2 magnify gerund vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 look to-infinitive you not said here at the ant vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at ant=Theme
Example 8 Careful, there is broken glass on the floor!
amod punct expl aux:pass amod case det nmod punct root Careful ADJ , PUNCT there PRON is AUX broken VERB glass NOUN on ADP the DET floor NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 glass amod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Careful punct 3 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 broken expl 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 broken aux:pass 5 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 glass amod 6 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 floor case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 6 glass nmod 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 glass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive there vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»
Example 9 "Tell me, glass, tell me true!
punct iobj punct obj punct conj iobj xcomp punct root " PUNCT Tell VERB me PRON , PUNCT glass NOUN , PUNCT tell VERB me PRON true ADJ ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Tell punct 2 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Tell iobj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 glass punct 5 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 2 Tell obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 tell punct 7 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Tell conj 8 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 tell iobj 9 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tell xcomp 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert in a quote imperative you not said here glass me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient glass=Topic 2 tell speech: assert in a quote infinitive you not said here me true property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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