glowworm Who acts: glowworm, females, glowworms, gnat, we, cave roof · What happens: be, look, give off, hang, glow, shine · To what, where: kind, green light, tails, tiny larvae, caves, glowworm
«glowworm» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: glowworm in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A glowworm is a kind of beetle whose females, which look like soft grubs without wings, give off a green light from their tails at night.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det case nmod nmod:poss nsubj punct nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl case obl punct conj compound:prt det amod obj case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root A DET glowworm NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP beetle NOUN whose PRON females NOUN , PUNCT which PRON look VERB like ADP soft ADJ grubs NOUN without ADP wings NOUN , PUNCT give VERB off ADP a DET green ADJ light NOUN from ADP their PRON tails NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glowworm det 2 glowworm glowworm NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 beetle case 7 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 9 females nmod:poss 9 females female NOUN Number=Plur 12 look nsubj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 look punct 11 which which PRON PronType=Rel 12 look nsubj 12 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind acl:relcl 13 like like ADP _ 15 grubs case 14 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 15 grubs amod 15 grubs grub NOUN Number=Plur 12 look obl 16 without without ADP _ 17 wings case 17 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 12 look obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 give punct 19 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 look conj 20 off off ADP _ 19 give compound:prt 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 light det 22 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 23 light amod 23 light light NOUN Number=Sing 19 give obj 24 from from ADP _ 26 tails case 25 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 26 tails nmod:poss 26 tails tail NOUN Number=Plur 19 give obl 27 at at ADP _ 28 night case 28 night night NOUN Number=Sing 19 give obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a glowworm a kind of beetle tree rules 2 look present females like soft grubs; without wings vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 3 give off present females not said here a green light females's tails night vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In New Zealand and Australia, glowworms are the tiny larvae of a gnat that hang in caves and glow blue, like stars.
The tree, 22 words case flat cc conj punct nsubj cop det amod conj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj xcomp punct case obl punct root In ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN and CCONJ Australia PROPN , PUNCT glowworms NOUN are AUX the DET tiny ADJ larvae NOUN of ADP a DET gnat NOUN that PRON hang VERB in ADP caves NOUN and CCONJ glow VERB blue ADJ , PUNCT like ADP stars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 Zealand case 2 New New PROPN Number=Sing 3 Zealand flat 3 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 Australia cc 5 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 3 Zealand conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 larvae punct 7 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 11 larvae nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 larvae cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 larvae det 10 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 11 larvae amod 11 larvae larva NOUN Number=Plur 3 Zealand conj 12 of of ADP _ 14 gnat case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 gnat det 14 gnat gnat NOUN Number=Sing 11 larvae nmod 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 hang nsubj 16 hang hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 gnat acl:relcl 17 in in ADP _ 18 caves case 18 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 16 hang obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 glow cc 20 glow glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 hang conj 21 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 20 glow xcomp 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 stars punct 23 like like ADP _ 24 stars case 24 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 20 glow obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 3 Zealand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present glowworms the tiny larvae of a gnat tree rules 2 hang present a gnat caves vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location 3 glow present a gnat not said here like stars; blue property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The glowworm shone in the grass at night.
det acl case det obl case obl punct root The DET glowworm NOUN shone VERB in ADP the DET grass NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 glowworm det 2 glowworm glowworm NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 shone shine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 glowworm acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 grass case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 grass det 6 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 3 shone obl 7 at at ADP _ 8 night case 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 shone obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 glowworm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine participle the glowworm not said here the grass night vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in grass=Location
Example 2 In New Zealand we saw glowworms in a cave.
case flat obl nsubj obj case det obl punct root In ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN we PRON saw VERB glowworms NOUN in ADP a DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 Zealand case 2 New New PROPN Number=Sing 3 Zealand flat 3 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 5 saw obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 saw nsubj 5 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 5 saw obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 cave case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cave det 9 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 5 saw obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past we glowworms New Zealand in a cave vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer glowworm=Stimulus
Example 3 Glowworms make light inside their bodies.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Glowworms NOUN make VERB light NOUN inside ADP their PRON bodies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 2 make nsubj 2 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 4 inside inside ADP _ 6 bodies case 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bodies nmod:poss 6 bodies body NOUN Number=Plur 2 make obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Glowworms light Glowworms's bodies vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product
Example 4 The cave roof looked like a sky full of stars because of the glowworms.
The tree, 14 words det compound nsubj case det obl amod case obl case fixed det obl punct root The DET cave NOUN roof NOUN looked VERB like ADP a DET sky NOUN full ADJ of ADP stars NOUN because ADP of ADP the DET glowworms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 roof det 2 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 3 roof compound 3 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 4 looked nsubj 4 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 like like ADP _ 7 sky case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sky det 7 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 4 looked obl 8 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sky amod 9 of of ADP _ 10 stars case 10 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 8 full obl 11 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 14 glowworms case 12 of of ADP _ 11 because fixed 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 glowworms det 14 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 4 looked obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the cave roof like a sky; because the glowworms vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Female glowworms glow to attract males.
amod nsubj mark advcl obj punct root Female ADJ glowworms NOUN glow VERB to PART attract VERB males NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Female female ADJ Degree=Pos 2 glowworms amod 2 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 3 glow nsubj 3 glow glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 attract mark 5 attract attract VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 glow advcl 6 males male NOUN Number=Plur 5 attract obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 glow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow present Female glowworms vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location 2 attract to-infinitive Female glowworms not said here males vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent male=Patient
Example 6 We walked quietly so we didn't disturb the glowworms.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj aux advmod advcl det obj punct root We PRON walked VERB quietly ADV so SCONJ we PRON did AUX n't PART disturb VERB the DET glowworms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 quietly quietly ADV _ 2 walked advmod 4 so so SCONJ _ 8 disturb mark 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 disturb nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 disturb aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 disturb advmod 8 disturb disturb VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 walked advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 glowworms det 10 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 8 disturb obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We quietly property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not disturb past · do-support we the glowworms vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus glowworm=Experiencer
Example 7 A glowworm is not really a worm.
det nsubj cop advmod advmod det punct root A DET glowworm NOUN is AUX not PART really ADV a DET worm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glowworm det 2 glowworm glowworm NOUN Number=Sing 7 worm nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 worm cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 worm advmod 5 really really ADV _ 7 worm advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 worm det 7 worm worm NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 worm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present a glowworm a worm tree rules
Example 8 Fireflies and glowworms are related beetles.
nsubj cc conj cop amod punct root Fireflies NOUN and CCONJ glowworms NOUN are AUX related ADJ beetles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 6 beetles nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 glowworms cc 3 glowworms glowworm NOUN Number=Plur 1 Fireflies conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 beetles cop 5 related related ADJ Degree=Pos 6 beetles amod 6 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 beetles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Fireflies and glowworms related beetles tree rules
Example 9 “Dear little Glowworm, will you set me free?”
punct amod amod nsubj punct aux nsubj obj xcomp punct punct root “ PUNCT Dear ADJ little ADJ Glowworm NOUN , PUNCT will AUX you PRON set VERB me PRON free ADJ ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 8 set punct 2 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Glowworm amod 3 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Glowworm amod 4 Glowworm glowworm NOUN Number=Sing 8 set nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 Glowworm punct 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 set aux 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 set nsubj 8 set set VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 set obj 10 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 8 set xcomp 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 set punct 12 ” " PUNCT _ 8 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set in a quote future Dear little Glowworm me free property vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient i=Result
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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