gorilla Who acts: gorilla, dark fur, male gorilla, We, Gorillas, Mountain gorillas · What happens: be, live, mean, say, sit, eat · To what, where: largest kind, forests, big rough frightening man, leaves, two grown men, gorillas · Speech: someone speaks here
«gorilla» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gorilla in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A gorilla is the largest kind of ape, a very strong, mostly gentle animal with dark fur that lives in the forests of central Africa.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct det advmod amod punct advmod amod conj case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl case amod nmod punct root A DET gorilla NOUN is AUX the DET largest ADJ kind NOUN of ADP ape NOUN , PUNCT a DET very ADV strong ADJ , PUNCT mostly ADV gentle ADJ animal NOUN with ADP dark ADJ fur NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP the DET forests NOUN of ADP central ADJ Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gorilla det 2 gorilla gorilla NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 kind cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 kind det 5 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 6 kind amod 6 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 ape case 8 ape ape NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 16 animal punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 animal det 11 very very ADV _ 12 strong advmod 12 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 16 animal amod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 animal punct 14 mostly mostly ADV _ 16 animal advmod 15 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 16 animal amod 16 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind conj 17 with with ADP _ 19 fur case 18 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 19 fur amod 19 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 16 animal nmod 20 that that PRON PronType=Rel 21 lives nsubj 21 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 fur acl:relcl 22 in in ADP _ 24 forests case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 forests det 24 forests forest NOUN Number=Plur 21 lives obl 25 of of ADP _ 27 Africa case 26 central central ADJ Degree=Pos 27 Africa amod 27 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 24 forests nmod 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a gorilla the largest kind and a strong gentle animal with dark fur of ape tree rules 2 live present dark fur the forests of central Africa vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Informally, a gorilla can mean a big, rough, frightening man (not kind to say).
The tree, 14 words advmod punct det nsubj aux det amod punct amod punct amod obj punct advmod parataxis mark xcomp punct punct root Informally ADV , PUNCT a DET gorilla NOUN can AUX mean VERB a DET big ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ , PUNCT frightening ADJ man NOUN ( PUNCT not PART kind ADJ to PART say VERB ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informally informally ADV _ 6 mean advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Informally punct 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gorilla det 4 gorilla gorilla NOUN Number=Sing 6 mean nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 mean aux 6 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 man det 8 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 13 man amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 big punct 10 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 13 man amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 rough punct 12 frightening frightening ADJ Degree=Pos 13 man amod 13 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 mean obj 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 kind punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 kind advmod 16 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 13 man parataxis 17 to to PART _ 18 say mark 18 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 kind xcomp 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 kind punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a gorilla a big rough frightening man informally property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive a gorilla not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The gorilla sat quietly eating leaves.
det nsubj advmod advcl obj punct root The DET gorilla NOUN sat VERB quietly ADV eating VERB leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gorilla det 2 gorilla gorilla NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat nsubj 3 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 quietly quietly ADV _ 3 sat advmod 5 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 sat advcl 6 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 eating obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past the gorilla quietly property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 eat gerund the gorilla not said here leaves vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 2 A male gorilla can weigh more than two grown men.
det amod nsubj aux advmod fixed nummod amod obj punct root A DET male ADJ gorilla NOUN can AUX weigh VERB more ADJ than ADP two NUM grown VERB men NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 gorilla det 2 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 3 gorilla amod 3 gorilla gorilla NOUN Number=Sing 5 weigh nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 weigh aux 5 weigh weigh VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 8 two advmod 7 than than ADP _ 6 more fixed 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 men nummod 9 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 men amod 10 men man NOUN Number=Plur 5 weigh obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 weigh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh can a male gorilla two grown men vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme man=Value 2 grow participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 We watched the gorillas at the zoo.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON watched VERB the DET gorillas NOUN at ADP the DET zoo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 gorillas det 4 gorillas gorilla NOUN Number=Plur 2 watched obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 zoo case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 zoo det 7 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We the gorillas the zoo vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gorilla=Theme
Example 4 Gorillas beat their chests to show strength or to warn others.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj cc mark conj obj punct root Gorillas NOUN beat VERB their PRON chests NOUN to PART show VERB strength NOUN or CCONJ to PART warn VERB others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gorillas gorilla NOUN Number=Plur 2 beat nsubj 2 beat beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 chests nmod:poss 4 chests chest NOUN Number=Plur 2 beat obj 5 to to PART _ 6 show mark 6 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 beat advcl 7 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 6 show obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 warn cc 9 to to PART _ 10 warn mark 10 warn warn VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 show conj 11 others other NOUN Number=Plur 10 warn obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat present Gorillas Gorillas's chests vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chest=Theme 2 show to-infinitive Gorillas not said here strength vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent strength=Recipient 3 warn speech: warn to-infinitive Gorillas not said here others vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent other=Recipient
Example 5 Mountain gorillas are endangered and need protection.
compound nsubj cop cc conj obj punct root Mountain NOUN gorillas NOUN are AUX endangered ADJ and CCONJ need VERB protection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 2 gorillas compound 2 gorillas gorilla NOUN Number=Plur 4 endangered nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 endangered cop 4 endangered endangered ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 need cc 6 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 endangered conj 7 protection protection NOUN Number=Sing 6 need obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 endangered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Mountain gorillas endangered property tree rules 2 need present Mountain gorillas not said here protection vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot protection=Theme
Example 6 The baby gorilla clung to its mother's back.
det compound acl case nmod:poss nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET baby NOUN gorilla NOUN clung VERB to ADP its PRON mother NOUN 's PART back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 gorilla det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 gorilla compound 3 gorilla gorilla NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 clung cling VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 gorilla acl 5 to to ADP _ 9 back case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mother nmod:poss 7 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 9 back nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 mother case 9 back back NOUN Number=Sing 4 clung obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gorilla punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cling participle the baby gorilla not said here to gorilla's mother's back vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to back=Co-Theme
Example 7 Gorillas are apes, not monkeys, because they have no tail.
nsubj cop punct advmod conj punct mark nsubj parataxis det obj punct root Gorillas NOUN are AUX apes NOUN , PUNCT not PART monkeys NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ they PRON have VERB no DET tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gorillas gorilla NOUN Number=Plur 3 apes nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 apes cop 3 apes ape NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 monkeys punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 monkeys advmod 6 monkeys monkey NOUN Number=Plur 3 apes conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 have punct 8 because because SCONJ _ 10 have mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 have nsubj 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 apes parataxis 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 tail det 12 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 apes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Gorillas apes and monkeys tree rules 2 have present Gorillas = gorilla no tail vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient
Example 8 People who hunt gorillas are breaking the law.
nsubj nsubj acl:relcl obj aux det obj punct root People NOUN who PRON hunt VERB gorillas NOUN are AUX breaking VERB the DET law NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 6 breaking nsubj 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 hunt nsubj 3 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 People acl:relcl 4 gorillas gorilla NOUN Number=Plur 3 hunt obj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 breaking aux 6 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 law det 8 law law NOUN Number=Sing 6 breaking obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 breaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present People gorillas vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gorilla=Theme 2 break present · progressive People the law vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient
Example 9 The Judge was a Monkey, a large Gorilla venerable with age.
det nsubj cop det punct det amod nsubj conj case obl punct root The DET Judge NOUN was AUX a DET Monkey NOUN , PUNCT a DET large ADJ Gorilla PROPN venerable ADJ with ADP age NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Judge det 2 Judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 5 Monkey nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 Monkey cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 Monkey det 5 Monkey monkey NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 venerable punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 Gorilla det 8 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 9 Gorilla amod 9 Gorilla Gorilla PROPN Number=Sing 10 venerable nsubj 10 venerable venerable ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Monkey conj 11 with with ADP _ 12 age case 12 age age NOUN Number=Sing 10 venerable obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 Monkey punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Judge a Monkey tree rules 2 be a large Gorilla with age tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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