grapheme

Who acts: grapheme, letter, word, igh, split grapheme, teacher · What happens: be, stand, have, make, put, spell · To what, where: letter, writing, three graphemes, letter grapheme, cap, cape

«grapheme» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grapheme in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A grapheme is a letter or group of letters that stands for one sound (phoneme) in writing, like «sh» in ship or «igh» in night.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 grapheme	det
2	grapheme	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 letter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 letter	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 group	cc
7	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 letter	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 letters	case
9	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 group	nmod
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 stands	nsubj
11	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 letter	acl:relcl
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 sound	case
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 sound	nummod
14	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stands	obl
15	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 phoneme	punct
16	phoneme	phoneme	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sound	appos
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 phoneme	punct
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 writing	case
19	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stands	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 sh	punct
21	like	like	ADP	_	23 sh	case
22	«	«	PUNCT	_	23 sh	punct
23	sh	sh	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stands	obl
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	23 sh	punct
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 ship	case
26	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sh	nmod
27	or	or	CCONJ	_	29 igh	cc
28	«	«	PUNCT	_	29 igh	punct
29	igh	igh	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 ship	conj
30	»	»	PUNCT	_	29 igh	punct
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 night	case
32	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stands	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 letter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a grapheme	a letter or group of letters					tree rules
2	stand	present	a letter or group of letters			writing	night	for one sound; like sh in ship or igh	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in writing=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The word «ship» has three graphemes: sh, i, p.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 ship	punct
4	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 word	appos
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 ship	punct
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 graphemes	nummod
8	graphemes	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 has	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 sh	punct
10	sh	sh	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 graphemes	appos
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 i	punct
12	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 sh	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 p.	punct
14	p.	P.	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 sh	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the word	three graphemes					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grapheme=Patient

Example 2

«igh» in «light» is a three-letter grapheme.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 igh	punct
2	igh	igh	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 grapheme	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 igh	punct
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 light	case
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 light	punct
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 igh	nmod
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 igh	punct
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 grapheme	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 grapheme	det
10	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 letter	nummod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 three	punct
12	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 grapheme	compound
13	grapheme	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 grapheme	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	igh in light	a letter grapheme					tree rules

Example 3

The split grapheme a_e makes «cap» into «cape».

The tree, 9 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 grapheme	det
2	split	split	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grapheme	amod
3	grapheme	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	nsubj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 e	det
5	_	_	PUNCT	_	6 e	punct
6	e	e	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	nsubj
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 cap	punct
9	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	obj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 cap	punct
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 cape	case
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 cape	punct
13	cape	cape	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	obl
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 cape	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the split grapheme	cap		cape			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent cap=Material into cape=Product

Example 4

Our teacher put the new grapheme on the phonics wall.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 teacher	nmod:poss
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 put	nsubj
3	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 grapheme	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 grapheme	amod
6	grapheme	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 put	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wall	det
9	phonics	phonic	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 wall	compound
10	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 put	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	past	Our teacher	the new grapheme		the phonics wall			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent grapheme=Theme on wall=Destination

Example 5

How many graphemes are in the word «boat»?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 many	advmod
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 graphemes	amod
3	graphemes	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 word	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 word	cop
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 word	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 word	det
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 boat	punct
9	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 word	appos
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 boat	punct
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	many graphemes			the word			tree rules

Example 6

The sound «f» can be spelled with the grapheme ph, as in phone.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sound	det
2	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 spelled	nsubj:pass
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 f	punct
4	f	f	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sound	conj
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 f	punct
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 spelled	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 spelled	aux:pass
8	spelled	spell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 ph	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ph	det
11	grapheme	grapheme	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ph	compound
12	ph	ph	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 spelled	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 phone	punct
14	as	as	ADP	_	16 phone	case
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 phone	case
16	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ph	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 spelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spell	can · passive		the sound and f				with the grapheme ph and phone	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme with ph=Manner

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grapheme/