grapple Who acts: two wrestlers, police officer, Scientists, Toad, pirates, He · What happens: fight, hold, struggle, work, understand, deal · To what, where: hook, something, grappling hook, mat, Pupils, hooks · Speech: someone speaks here
«grapple» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grapple in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To fight with someone by holding and struggling with them.
mark case obl mark acl cc conj case obl punct root To PART fight VERB with ADP someone PRON by SCONJ holding VERB and CCONJ struggling VERB with ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fight mark 2 fight fight VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 fight obl 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 holding mark 6 holding hold VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 someone acl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 struggling cc 8 struggling struggle VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 holding conj 9 with with ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 struggling obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 fight punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight to-infinitive with someone vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with someone=Co-Agent 2 hold gerund vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 struggle gerund with them = they vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with they=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grapple with — kept apart, not parsed.
To work hard to understand or deal with a difficult problem.
mark xcomp mark xcomp cc conj case det amod obl punct root To PART work VERB hard ADJ to PART understand VERB or CCONJ deal VERB with ADP a DET difficult ADJ problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 work mark 2 work work VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 2 work xcomp 4 to to PART _ 5 understand mark 5 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hard xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 deal cc 7 deal deal VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 understand conj 8 with with ADP _ 11 problem case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 problem det 10 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 11 problem amod 11 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 7 deal obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work to-infinitive hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 understand to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 deal infinitive with a difficult problem vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with problem=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A hook used to grab or hold something, also called a grappling hook.
The tree, 13 words det acl mark advcl cc conj obj punct advmod acl det compound xcomp punct root A DET hook NOUN used VERB to PART grab VERB or CCONJ hold VERB something PRON , PUNCT also ADV called VERB a DET grappling NOUN hook NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hook det 2 hook hook NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hook acl 4 to to PART _ 5 grab mark 5 grab grab VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hold cc 7 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 grab conj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 hold obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 called punct 10 also also ADV _ 11 called advmod 11 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 something acl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 hook det 13 grappling grappling NOUN Number=Sing 14 hook compound 14 hook hook NOUN Number=Sing 11 called xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 hook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a hook not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 grab to-infinitive vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 hold infinitive something vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 4 call participle a grappling hook vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The two wrestlers grappled on the mat.
det nummod nsubj case det obl punct root The DET two NUM wrestlers NOUN grappled VERB on ADP the DET mat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 wrestlers det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 wrestlers nummod 3 wrestlers wrestler NOUN Number=Plur 4 grappled nsubj 4 grappled grapple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 mat case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 mat det 7 mat mat NOUN Number=Sing 4 grappled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 grappled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grapple past the two wrestlers the mat vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Pupils grappled with the tricky word problem.
acl case det amod compound obl punct root Pupils NOUN grappled VERB with ADP the DET tricky ADJ word NOUN problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 grappled grapple VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Pupils acl 3 with with ADP _ 7 problem case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 problem det 5 tricky tricky ADJ Degree=Pos 7 problem amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 7 problem compound 7 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 grappled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pupils punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grapple participle Pupils not said here with the tricky word problem vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with problem=Theme
Example 3 The police officer grappled with the thief.
det compound nsubj case det obl punct root The DET police NOUN officer NOUN grappled VERB with ADP the DET thief NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 officer det 2 police police NOUN Number=Sing 3 officer compound 3 officer officer NOUN Number=Sing 4 grappled nsubj 4 grappled grapple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 thief case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 thief det 7 thief thief NOUN Number=Sing 4 grappled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 grappled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grapple past the police officer with the thief vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with thief=Theme
Example 4 Scientists are grappling with the problem of climate change.
nsubj aux case det obl case compound nmod punct root Scientists NOUN are AUX grappling VERB with ADP the DET problem NOUN of ADP climate NOUN change NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 grappling nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 grappling aux 3 grappling grapple VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 problem case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 problem det 6 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 grappling obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 change case 8 climate climate NOUN Number=Sing 9 change compound 9 change change NOUN Number=Sing 6 problem nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 grappling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grapple present · progressive Scientists with the problem of climate change vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with problem=Theme
Example 5 Toad grappled with the barge-woman, but she was too strong for him.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case det compound punct obl punct cc nsubj cop advmod conj case obl punct root Toad PROPN grappled VERB with ADP the DET barge NOUN - PUNCT woman NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ she PRON was AUX too ADV strong ADJ for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 2 grappled nsubj 2 grappled grapple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 7 woman case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 woman det 5 barge barge NOUN Number=Sing 7 woman compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 barge punct 7 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 2 grappled obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 strong punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 13 strong cc 10 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 strong nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 strong cop 12 too too ADV _ 13 strong advmod 13 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 2 grappled conj 14 for for ADP _ 15 him case 15 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 strong obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 grappled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grapple past Toad with the barge woman vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with woman=Theme 2 is past Toad for him = he ; strong property tree rules
Example 6 The pirates threw grappling hooks onto the ship.
det nsubj xcomp obj case det obl punct root The DET pirates NOUN threw VERB grappling VERB hooks NOUN onto ADP the DET ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pirates det 2 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 3 threw nsubj 3 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 grappling grapple VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 threw xcomp 5 hooks hook NOUN Number=Plur 4 grappling obj 6 onto onto ADP _ 8 ship case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ship det 8 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 4 grappling obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past the pirates tree rules 2 grapple gerund the pirates not said here hooks the ship vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hook=Theme
Example 7 He clutched my collar and we grappled in a death struggle.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc nsubj conj case det compound obl punct root He PRON clutched VERB my PRON collar NOUN and CCONJ we PRON grappled VERB in ADP a DET death NOUN struggle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 clutched nsubj 2 clutched clutch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 collar nmod:poss 4 collar collar NOUN Number=Sing 2 clutched obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 grappled cc 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 grappled nsubj 7 grappled grapple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 clutched conj 8 in in ADP _ 11 struggle case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 struggle det 10 death death NOUN Number=Sing 11 struggle compound 11 struggle struggle NOUN Number=Sing 7 grappled obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 clutched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clutch past He my collar vn hold-15.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collar=Theme 2 grapple past we a death struggle vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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