gravel

Who acts: We, I, Gravel, rainwater, old farm road, he · What happens: use, find, sound, crunch, put, fall off · To what, where: Lots, rivers, car, gravel driveway, gravel, bottom

«gravel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gravel in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Lots of small stones and bits of rock, used for paths, driveways and roads, or found in rivers.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 used	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 stones	case
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stones	amod
4	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lots	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 bits	cc
6	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stones	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 rock	case
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bits	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 used	punct
10	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 paths	case
12	paths	path	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 used	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 driveways	punct
14	driveways	driveway	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 paths	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 roads	cc
16	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 paths	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 found	punct
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 found	cc
19	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 used	conj
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 rivers	case
21	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 found	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle · passive		Lots of small stones and bits of rock				for paths and driveways and roads	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for path=Eventuality
2	find	participle				rivers			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: gravelly, of a voice — kept apart, not parsed.

Low and rough-sounding.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 sounding	cc
3	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sounding	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 rough	punct
5	sounding	sound	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Low	conj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Low	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound	gerund							vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Example 1

The car crunched over the gravel driveway.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	crunched	crunch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 car	acl
4	over	over	ADP	_	7 driveway	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 driveway	det
6	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 driveway	compound
7	driveway	driveway	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crunched	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 car	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crunch	participle		the car not said here		the gravel driveway			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over driveway=Location

Example 2

We put gravel at the bottom of the fish tank.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 put	nsubj
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obj
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 bottom	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bottom	det
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 tank	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 tank	det
9	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tank	compound
10	tank	tank	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bottom	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	past	We	gravel		the bottom of the fish tank			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gravel=Theme at bottom=Destination

Example 3

I fell off my bike on the loose gravel.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 fell	compound:prt
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 bike	nmod:poss
5	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fell	obl
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 gravel	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gravel	det
8	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gravel	amod
9	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fell	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 fell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall off	past	I	my bike		the loose gravel			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Example 4

The river bed was covered with gravel.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bed	det
2	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bed	compound
3	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 covered	aux:pass
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 gravel	case
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 covered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past · passive		the river bed				with gravel	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with gravel=Theme

Example 5

Gravel lets rainwater drain away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lets	nsubj
2	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drain	nsubj
4	drain	drain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 lets	xcomp
5	away	away	ADV	_	4 drain	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	Gravel						tree rules
2	drain away	infinitive	rainwater					away property	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source

Example 6

The old farm road is just gravel, not tarmac.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 road	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 road	amod
3	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 road	compound
4	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gravel	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 gravel	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 gravel	advmod
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 tarmac	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 tarmac	advmod
10	tarmac	tarmac	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gravel	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 gravel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the old farm road	gravel and tarmac					tree rules

Example 7

So he trotted off to the gravel path near the house, and sat down to think.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	3 trotted	advmod
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trotted	nsubj
3	trotted	trot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 trotted	compound:prt
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 path	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 path	det
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 path	compound
8	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trotted	obl
9	near	near	ADP	_	11 house	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 house	det
11	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 path	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sat	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sat	cc
14	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trotted	conj
15	down	down	ADP	_	14 sat	compound:prt
16	to	to	PART	_	17 think	mark
17	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 sat	advcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 trotted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	trot off	past	he	the gravel path near the house	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to path=Destination
2	sit down	past	he not said here		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	think speech: other	to-infinitive	he not said here		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gravel/