grind Who acts: Hard boring work, mill, Pepper, people, back teeth, it · What happens: crush, grind, make, rub, go, mean · To what, where: something, tiny pieces, wheat, flour, it, hard surface · Speech: someone speaks here
«grind» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grind in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To crush something into tiny pieces or powder, like grinding wheat into flour or coffee beans.
The tree, 16 words mark obj case amod obl cc conj punct mark advcl obj case obl cc compound conj punct root To PART crush VERB something PRON into ADP tiny ADJ pieces NOUN or CCONJ powder NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ grinding VERB wheat NOUN into ADP flour NOUN or CCONJ coffee NOUN beans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 crush mark 2 crush crush VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 crush obj 4 into into ADP _ 6 pieces case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pieces amod 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 2 crush obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 powder cc 8 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 6 pieces conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 grinding punct 10 like like SCONJ _ 11 grinding mark 11 grinding grind VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 crush advcl 12 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 11 grinding obj 13 into into ADP _ 14 flour case 14 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 11 grinding obl 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 beans cc 16 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 17 beans compound 17 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 14 flour conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 crush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crush to-infinitive something into tiny pieces or powder result vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent something=Patient into piece=Result 2 grind gerund wheat flour or coffee beans vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent wheat=Material into flour=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To make something sharp or smooth by rubbing it on a hard surface.
mark obj amod cc conj mark advcl obj case det amod obl punct root To PART make VERB something PRON sharp ADJ or CCONJ smooth ADJ by SCONJ rubbing VERB it PRON on ADP a DET hard ADJ surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 smooth cc 6 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sharp conj 7 by by SCONJ _ 8 rubbing mark 8 rubbing rub VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 smooth advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 rubbing obj 10 on on ADP _ 13 surface case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 surface det 12 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 13 surface amod 13 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 8 rubbing obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 2 rub gerund it a hard surface vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on surface=Destination
Meaning 3 To rub things together hard and noisily: «grind your teeth».
mark obj advmod advmod cc conj punct punct parataxis nmod:poss obj punct punct root To PART rub VERB things NOUN together ADV hard ADV and CCONJ noisily ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT grind VERB your PRON teeth NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 rub mark 2 rub rub VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 rub obj 4 together together ADV _ 2 rub advmod 5 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 2 rub advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 noisily cc 7 noisily noisily ADV _ 5 hard conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 grind punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 grind punct 10 grind grind VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 rub parataxis 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 teeth nmod:poss 12 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 10 grind obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 10 grind punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 rub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub to-infinitive things hard, together property tree rules 2 grind in a quote infinitive your teeth vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
Meaning 4 Usage: noun, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Hard, boring work that goes on and on: «the daily grind».
The tree, 11 words amod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj punct punct det amod obl punct punct root Hard ADJ , PUNCT boring ADJ work NOUN that PRON goes VERB on ADV and CCONJ on ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET daily ADJ grind NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 4 work amod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hard punct 3 boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos 4 work amod 4 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 goes nsubj 6 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work acl:relcl 7 on on ADV _ 6 goes advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 on cc 9 on on ADV _ 7 on conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 grind punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 grind punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 grind det 13 daily daily ADJ Degree=Pos 14 grind amod 14 grind grind NOUN Number=Sing 6 goes obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 grind punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present Hard boring work the daily grind vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 «grind to a halt» means slowly stop.
punct nsubj case det obl punct advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT grind VERB to ADP a DET halt NOUN » PUNCT means VERB slowly ADV stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 grind punct 2 grind grind VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 means nsubj 3 to to ADP _ 5 halt case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 halt det 5 halt halt NOUN Number=Sing 2 grind obl 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 grind punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 9 stop advmod 9 stop stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 means ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grind in a quote infinitive to a halt vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop present slowly property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 1 The mill grinds wheat into flour.
det nsubj obj case obl punct root The DET mill NOUN grinds VERB wheat NOUN into ADP flour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mill det 2 mill mill NOUN _ 3 grinds nsubj 3 grinds grind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 3 grinds obj 5 into into ADP _ 6 flour case 6 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 3 grinds obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 grinds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grind present the mill wheat flour vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent wheat=Material into flour=Product
Example 2 Pepper is ground in a pepper mill.
nsubj cop case det compound nmod punct root Pepper NOUN is AUX ground NOUN in ADP a DET pepper NOUN mill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pepper pepper NOUN Number=Sing 3 ground nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 ground cop 3 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 mill case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mill det 6 pepper pepper NOUN Number=Sing 7 mill compound 7 mill mill NOUN Number=Sing 3 ground nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pepper ground a pepper mill tree rules
Example 3 Some people grind their teeth in their sleep.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Some DET people NOUN grind VERB their PRON teeth NOUN in ADP their PRON sleep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 grind nsubj 3 grind grind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 teeth nmod:poss 5 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 3 grind obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 sleep case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sleep nmod:poss 8 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 3 grind obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grind present some people people's teeth people's sleep vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient 2 sleep people nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The traffic ground to a halt.
det compound case det nmod punct root The DET traffic NOUN ground NOUN to ADP a DET halt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ground det 2 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 3 ground compound 3 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 halt case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 halt det 6 halt halt NOUN Number=Sing 3 ground nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ground punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 Our back teeth grind our food.
nmod:poss compound nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Our PRON back NOUN teeth NOUN grind VERB our PRON food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teeth nmod:poss 2 back back NOUN Number=Sing 3 teeth compound 3 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 4 grind nsubj 4 grind grind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 food nmod:poss 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 grind obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 grind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grind present Our back teeth our food vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
Example 6 He ground the knife on a stone to sharpen it.
nsubj compound det case det nmod mark acl obj punct root He PRON ground NOUN the DET knife NOUN on ADP a DET stone NOUN to PART sharpen VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 knife nsubj 2 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 4 knife compound 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 knife det 4 knife knife NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 stone case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stone det 7 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 4 knife nmod 8 to to PART _ 9 sharpen mark 9 sharpen sharpen VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 knife acl 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sharpen obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 knife punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen to-infinitive stone vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 7 After the holidays, it's back to the grind.
case det obl punct nsubj cop advmod case det punct root After ADP the DET holidays NOUN , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX back ADV to ADP the DET grind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 holidays case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 holidays det 3 holidays holiday NOUN Number=Plur 10 grind obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 holidays punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 grind nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 grind cop 7 back back ADV _ 10 grind advmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 grind case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 grind det 10 grind grind NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 grind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it after the holidays to the grind tree rules
Example 8 And the Goblin put the tongue on the coffee-mill, and how it began to grind!
The tree, 16 words cc det nsubj det obj case det compound punct obl punct cc advmod nsubj conj mark xcomp punct root And CCONJ the DET Goblin PROPN put VERB the DET tongue NOUN on ADP the DET coffee NOUN - PUNCT mill NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ how ADV it PRON began VERB to PART grind VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 4 put cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Goblin det 3 Goblin Goblin PROPN Number=Sing 4 put nsubj 4 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tongue det 6 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obj 7 on on ADP _ 11 mill case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 mill det 9 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 11 mill compound 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 coffee punct 11 mill mill NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 began punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 began cc 14 how how ADV PronType=Int 16 began advmod 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 began nsubj 16 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 put conj 17 to to PART _ 18 grind mark 18 grind grind VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 began xcomp 19 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past the Goblin the tongue the coffee mill vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Theme on mill=Destination 2 begin past Goblin vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 grind to-infinitive Goblin not said here vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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