gruff Who acts: they, Badger, Goats Gruff, Grandpa, guard, voice · What happens: speak, be, say, cross, sound, answer · To what, where: way, gruff voice, bridge, cold, water · Speech: someone speaks here
«gruff» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gruff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: of a voice — kept apart, not parsed.
Low, deep and rough.
punct conj cc conj punct root Low ADJ , PUNCT deep ADJ and CCONJ rough ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Low low ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 deep punct 3 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Low conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 rough cc 5 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Low conj 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Low punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Usage: of a person — kept apart, not parsed.
Rather unfriendly or impatient in the way they speak, though maybe kind underneath.
The tree, 13 words advmod cc conj case det obl nsubj acl:relcl punct mark advmod conj advmod punct root Rather ADV unfriendly ADJ or CCONJ impatient ADJ in ADP the DET way NOUN they PRON speak VERB , PUNCT though SCONJ maybe ADV kind ADJ underneath ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rather rather ADV _ 2 unfriendly advmod 2 unfriendly unfriendly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 impatient cc 4 impatient impatient ADJ Degree=Pos 2 unfriendly conj 5 in in ADP _ 7 way case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 impatient obl 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 speak nsubj 9 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 way acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 kind punct 11 though though SCONJ _ 13 kind mark 12 maybe maybe ADV _ 13 kind advmod 13 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 2 unfriendly conj 14 underneath underneath ADV _ 13 kind advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 unfriendly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present they the way not said here tree rules
Example 1 «Who's there?» said Badger in a gruff voice.
punct nsubj cop advmod punct punct nsubj case det amod obl punct root « PUNCT Who PRON 's AUX there ADV ? PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Badger PROPN in ADP a DET gruff ADJ voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 there punct 2 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 there nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 there cop 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 7 said advmod 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 there punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 there punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 Badger Badger PROPN Number=Sing 7 said nsubj 9 in in ADP _ 12 voice case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 voice det 11 gruff gruff ADJ Degree=Pos 12 voice amod 12 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present there property tree rules 2 say speech: ask past Badger a gruff voice vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in voice=Manner
Example 2 The Three Billy Goats Gruff crossed the bridge.
det compound compound compound nsubj det obj punct root The DET Three PROPN Billy PROPN Goats PROPN Gruff PROPN crossed VERB the DET bridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Gruff det 2 Three Three PROPN Number=Sing 4 Goats compound 3 Billy Billy PROPN Number=Sing 4 Goats compound 4 Goats Goat PROPN Number=Plur 5 Gruff compound 5 Gruff Gruff PROPN Number=Sing 6 crossed nsubj 6 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bridge det 8 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 6 crossed obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 crossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past the Goats Gruff the bridge vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient
Example 3 Grandpa sounds gruff, but he's really very kind.
nsubj xcomp punct cc nsubj cop advmod advmod conj punct root Grandpa PROPN sounds VERB gruff ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON 's AUX really ADV very ADV kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 sounds nsubj 2 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 gruff gruff ADJ Degree=Pos 2 sounds xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 kind punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 10 kind cc 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 kind nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 kind cop 8 really really ADV _ 10 kind advmod 9 very very ADV _ 10 kind advmod 10 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 2 sounds conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present Grandpa gruff property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 is present Grandpa kind property tree rules
Example 4 The guard answered gruffly.
det nsubj advmod punct root The DET guard NOUN answered VERB gruffly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 guard det 2 guard guard NOUN Number=Sing 3 answered nsubj 3 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 gruffly gruffly ADV _ 3 answered advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 answered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: assert past the guard gruffly property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 His voice was gruff from his cold.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root His PRON voice NOUN was AUX gruff ADJ from ADP his PRON cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 voice nmod:poss 2 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 gruff nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 gruff cop 4 gruff gruff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 cold case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cold nmod:poss 7 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 4 gruff obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 gruff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past His voice his cold gruff property tree rules
Example 6 «Come in, then,» said the gruff old man.
punct ccomp advmod punct advmod punct punct det amod amod nsubj punct root « PUNCT Come VERB in ADV , PUNCT then ADV , PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB the DET gruff ADJ old ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Come punct 2 Come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 said ccomp 3 in in ADV _ 2 Come advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 then punct 5 then then ADV PronType=Dem 2 Come advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 Come punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 2 Come punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 man det 10 gruff gruff ADJ Degree=Pos 12 man amod 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 man amod 12 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come in in a quote infinitive then vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past the gruff old man vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 7 “Ahas!” said a gruff voice across the water.
punct nsubj punct punct det amod obj case det nmod punct root “ PUNCT Ahas NOUN ! PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB a DET gruff ADJ voice NOUN across ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Ahas punct 2 Ahas aha NOUN Number=Plur 5 said nsubj 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Ahas punct 4 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Ahas punct 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 voice det 7 gruff gruff ADJ Degree=Pos 8 voice amod 8 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 5 said obj 9 across across ADP _ 11 water case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 water det 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 voice nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Ahas a gruff voice the water vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent voice=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous gruesomenext → gruffly↑ back to G in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gruff/