gun Who acts: gun, weapon, tool, engine, you, We · What happens: be, fire, use, shoot out, start, go · To what, where: weapon, bullets, metal tube, explosive force, tool, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«gun» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gun in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A gun is a weapon that fires bullets or other objects through a metal tube using explosive force.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj cc amod conj case det compound obl advcl amod obj punct root A DET gun NOUN is AUX a DET weapon NOUN that PRON fires VERB bullets NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ objects NOUN through ADP a DET metal NOUN tube NOUN using VERB explosive ADJ force NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gun det 2 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 5 weapon nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 weapon cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 weapon det 5 weapon weapon NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 fires nsubj 7 fires fire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 weapon acl:relcl 8 bullets bullet NOUN Number=Plur 7 fires obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 objects cc 10 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 objects amod 11 objects object NOUN Number=Plur 8 bullets conj 12 through through ADP _ 15 tube case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tube det 14 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 15 tube compound 15 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing 7 fires obl 16 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 fires advcl 17 explosive explosive ADJ Degree=Pos 18 force amod 18 force force NOUN Number=Sing 16 using obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 weapon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a gun a weapon tree rules 2 fire present a weapon bullets or other objects a metal tube vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bullet=Theme through tube=Destination 3 use gerund a weapon not said here explosive force vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A gun is a tool that shoots something out, like a water gun, glue gun or starting gun.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj compound:prt punct case det compound obl punct compound appos cc conj obj punct root A DET gun NOUN is AUX a DET tool NOUN that PRON shoots VERB something PRON out ADP , PUNCT like ADP a DET water NOUN gun NOUN , PUNCT glue NOUN gun NOUN or CCONJ starting VERB gun NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gun det 2 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 5 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tool cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tool det 5 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 shoots nsubj 7 shoots shoot VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tool acl:relcl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 shoots obj 9 out out ADP _ 7 shoots compound:prt 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 gun punct 11 like like ADP _ 14 gun case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 gun det 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 14 gun compound 14 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 7 shoots obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 gun punct 16 glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 17 gun compound 17 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 14 gun appos 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 starting cc 19 starting start VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 17 gun conj 20 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 19 starting obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a gun a tool tree rules 2 shoot out present a tool something like a water gun vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 3 start gerund a tool not said here gun vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Eventuality
Meaning 3 To gun an engine (informal) is to make it go very fast.
The tree, 12 words mark advcl det nsubj punct amod punct cop mark obj xcomp advmod advmod punct root To PART gun NOUN an DET engine NOUN ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON go VERB very ADV fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 gun mark 2 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 10 make advcl 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 engine det 4 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 10 make nsubj 5 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 informal punct 6 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 engine amod 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 informal punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 make cop 9 to to PART _ 10 make mark 10 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 make obj 12 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 make xcomp 13 very very ADV _ 14 fast advmod 14 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 12 go advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a engine make property tree rules 2 go infinitive a engine not said here fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 To be gunning for someone (informal) is to be trying to harm or criticise them.
The tree, 15 words mark aux advcl case obl punct amod punct aux mark aux mark xcomp cc conj obj punct root To PART be AUX gunning VERB for ADP someone PRON ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT is AUX to PART be AUX trying VERB to PART harm VERB or CCONJ criticise VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 gunning mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 gunning aux 3 gunning gun VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 trying advcl 4 for for ADP _ 5 someone case 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 gunning obl 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 informal punct 7 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 someone amod 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 informal punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 trying aux 10 to to PART _ 12 trying mark 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 12 trying aux 12 trying try VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 13 to to PART _ 14 harm mark 14 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 trying xcomp 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 criticise cc 16 criticise criticise VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 harm conj 17 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 criticise obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 12 trying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gun to-infinitive · progressive for someone tree rules 2 try present · progressive vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 harm not said to happen to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 criticise infinitive them = they tree rules
Example 1 If you find a gun, don't touch it; tell an adult right away.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj advcl det obj punct aux advmod obj punct conj det obj advmod advmod punct root If SCONJ you PRON find VERB a DET gun NOUN , PUNCT do AUX n't PART touch VERB it PRON ; PUNCT tell VERB an DET adult NOUN right ADV away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 find mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 find nsubj 3 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 touch advcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 gun det 5 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 3 find obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 find punct 7 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 touch aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 touch advmod 9 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 touch obj 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 tell punct 12 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 touch conj 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 adult det 14 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 12 tell obj 15 right right ADV _ 16 away advmod 16 away away ADV _ 12 tell advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find a condition, not said to happen present you a gun vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Topic 2 not touch imperative · do-support you not said here gun vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult away property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 2 We had a water gun fight in the garden.
nsubj det compound compound obj case det nmod punct root We PRON had VERB a DET water NOUN gun NOUN fight NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fight det 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 gun compound 5 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 6 fight compound 6 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 garden case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 garden det 9 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 6 fight nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a gun fight the garden vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Patient
Example 3 The race began with the starting gun.
det nsubj case det compound obl punct root The DET race NOUN began VERB with ADP the DET starting NOUN gun NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 gun case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 gun det 6 starting starting NOUN Number=Sing 7 gun compound 7 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 3 began obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the race with the starting gun vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with gun=Subeventuality
Example 4 Use the glue gun only with a teacher's help.
det compound obj advmod case det nmod:poss case obl punct root Use VERB the DET glue NOUN gun NOUN only ADV with ADP a DET teacher NOUN 's PART help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 gun det 3 glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 4 gun compound 4 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 5 only only ADV _ 10 help advmod 6 with with ADP _ 10 help case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 teacher det 8 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 10 help nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 teacher case 10 help help NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here the glue gun with a teacher's help vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Patient 2 help a teacher nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Don't jump the gun; wait until everyone is ready.
aux advmod det obj punct conj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Do AUX n't PART jump VERB the DET gun NOUN ; PUNCT wait VERB until SCONJ everyone PRON is AUX ready ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 jump aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 jump advmod 3 jump jump VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 gun det 5 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 3 jump obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 wait punct 7 wait wait VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 jump conj 8 until until SCONJ _ 11 ready mark 9 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 11 ready nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 ready cop 11 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wait advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not jump imperative · do-support you not said here the gun vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gun=Trajectory 2 wait infinitive you not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is present everyone ready property tree rules
Example 6 She stuck to her guns and kept telling the truth.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl cc conj xcomp det obj punct root She PRON stuck VERB to ADP her PRON guns NOUN and CCONJ kept VERB telling VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stuck nsubj 2 stuck stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 guns case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 guns nmod:poss 5 guns gun NOUN Number=Plur 2 stuck obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 kept cc 7 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stuck conj 8 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 kept xcomp 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 truth det 10 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 8 telling obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 stuck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick past She to her guns vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to gun=Co-Patient 2 keep past She not said here tree rules 3 tell speech: assert gerund She not said here the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 7 Police in the UK usually don't carry guns.
nsubj case det nmod advmod aux advmod obj punct root Police NOUN in ADP the DET UK PROPN usually ADV do AUX n't PART carry VERB guns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Police police NOUN Number=Plur 8 carry nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 UK case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 UK det 4 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 1 Police nmod 5 usually usually ADV _ 8 carry advmod 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 carry aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 carry advmod 8 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 guns gun NOUN Number=Plur 8 carry obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 carry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not carry present · do-support Police in the UK guns usually property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme
Example 8 The pirate ship fired its guns.
det compound nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET pirate NOUN ship NOUN fired VERB its PRON guns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ship det 2 pirate pirate NOUN Number=Sing 3 ship compound 3 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 4 fired nsubj 4 fired fire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 guns nmod:poss 6 guns gun NOUN Number=Plur 4 fired obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 fired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fire past the pirate ship ship's guns vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme
Example 9 Niels took his gun with him.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Niels PROPN took VERB his PRON gun NOUN with ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Niels Niels PROPN Number=Sing 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 gun nmod:poss 4 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 him case 6 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past Niels Niels's gun with him = he vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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