handicap Who acts: you, handicap, score, people, having, golf handicap · What happens: make, do, be, say, not have, handicap · To what, where: it, disadvantage, small handicap, basketball, score, golf · Speech: someone speaks here
«handicap» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: handicap in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something that makes it harder for you to do well, a disadvantage, as in «Being small was a handicap in basketball».
The tree, 21 words nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp mark nsubj mark xcomp advmod punct det obl punct mark case punct cop amod cop det parataxis case nmod punct punct root Something PRON that PRON makes VERB it PRON harder ADJ for SCONJ you PRON to PART do VERB well ADV , PUNCT a DET disadvantage NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT Being AUX small ADJ was AUX a DET handicap NOUN in ADP basketball NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 makes obj 5 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 makes xcomp 6 for for SCONJ _ 9 do mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 do nsubj 8 to to PART _ 9 do mark 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 harder xcomp 10 well well ADV Degree=Pos 9 do advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 disadvantage punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 disadvantage det 13 disadvantage disadvantage NOUN Number=Sing 9 do obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 22 handicap punct 15 as as SCONJ _ 19 small mark 16 in in ADP _ 19 small case 17 « « PUNCT _ 19 small punct 18 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 small cop 19 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 22 handicap amod 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 handicap cop 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 handicap det 22 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing 9 do parataxis 23 in in ADP _ 24 basketball case 24 basketball basketball NOUN Number=Sing 22 handicap nmod 25 » » PUNCT _ 22 handicap punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present it hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 do to-infinitive you a disadvantage well property tree rules 3 is in a quote gerund small property tree rules 4 is a in a quote past a small handicap basketball tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.
In golf, horse racing and some games, a handicap is a score or weight that makes the contest fair between stronger and weaker players.
The tree, 24 words case obl punct compound appos cc det conj punct det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj xcomp case amod cc conj obl punct root In ADP golf NOUN , PUNCT horse NOUN racing NOUN and CCONJ some DET games NOUN , PUNCT a DET handicap NOUN is AUX a DET score NOUN or CCONJ weight NOUN that PRON makes VERB the DET contest NOUN fair ADJ between ADP stronger ADJ and CCONJ weaker ADJ players NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 golf case 2 golf golf NOUN Number=Sing 14 score obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 racing punct 4 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 racing compound 5 racing racing NOUN Number=Sing 2 golf appos 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 games cc 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 8 games det 8 games game NOUN Number=Plur 5 racing conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 2 golf punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 handicap det 11 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing 14 score nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 score cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 score det 14 score score NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 weight cc 16 weight weight NOUN Number=Sing 14 score conj 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 makes nsubj 18 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 score acl:relcl 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 contest det 20 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing 18 makes obj 21 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 18 makes xcomp 22 between between ADP _ 26 players case 23 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 26 players amod 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 weaker cc 25 weaker weak ADJ Degree=Cmp 23 stronger conj 26 players player NOUN Number=Plur 21 fair obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 14 score punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a handicap a score or weight golf tree rules 2 make present a score or weight the contest fair property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset contest=Product
Meaning 3 Usage: old-fashioned, now often hurtful — kept apart, not parsed.
A disability; today people usually say «disability» instead.
det punct obl:unmarked nsubj advmod acl:relcl punct obj punct advmod punct root A DET disability NOUN ; PUNCT today NOUN people NOUN usually ADV say VERB « PUNCT disability NOUN » PUNCT instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 disability det 2 disability disability NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 say punct 4 today today NOUN Number=Sing 7 say obl:unmarked 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 say nsubj 6 usually usually ADV _ 7 say advmod 7 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 disability acl:relcl 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 disability punct 9 disability disability NOUN Number=Sing 7 say obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 disability punct 11 instead instead ADV _ 7 say advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 disability punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present people disability today instead, usually property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent disability=Topic
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To make it harder for someone to do something.
mark nsubj xcomp mark fixed mark advcl obj punct root To PART make VERB it PRON harder ADJ for SCONJ someone PRON to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 harder nsubj 4 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 make xcomp 5 for for SCONJ _ 8 do mark 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 for fixed 7 to to PART _ 8 do mark 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 harder advcl 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 do obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 Not having a map was a big handicap.
advmod csubj det obj cop det amod punct root Not PART having VERB a DET map NOUN was AUX a DET big ADJ handicap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 having advmod 2 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 handicap csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 map det 4 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 having obj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 handicap cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 handicap det 7 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 8 handicap amod 8 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 handicap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have gerund a map vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Patient 2 is a past having a big handicap tree rules
Example 2 Grandpa's golf handicap is 12.
nmod:poss case compound nsubj cop punct root Grandpa PROPN 's PART golf NOUN handicap NOUN is AUX 12 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 4 handicap nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandpa case 3 golf golf NOUN Number=Sing 4 handicap compound 4 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing 6 12 nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 12 cop 6 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 12 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Grandpa's golf handicap 12 tree rules 2 handicap Grandpa nom handicap «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The racehorse carried extra weight as a handicap.
det nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root The DET racehorse NOUN carried VERB extra ADJ weight NOUN as ADP a DET handicap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 racehorse det 2 racehorse racehorse NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried nsubj 3 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 5 weight amod 5 weight weight NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried obj 6 as as ADP _ 8 handicap case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 handicap det 8 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past the racehorse extra weight as a handicap vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme
Example 4 Being new to the school was a handicap at first.
cop csubj case det obl cop det case nmod punct root Being AUX new ADJ to ADP the DET school NOUN was AUX a DET handicap NOUN at ADP first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 new cop 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 handicap csubj 3 to to ADP _ 5 school case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 school det 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 new obl 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 handicap cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 handicap det 8 handicap handicap NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 at at ADP _ 10 first case 10 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 handicap nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 handicap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund to the school; new property tree rules 2 is a past a handicap tree rules
Example 5 The bad weather handicapped the rescue team.
det amod nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET bad ADJ weather NOUN handicapped VERB the DET rescue NOUN team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 weather det 2 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 weather amod 3 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 handicapped nsubj 4 handicapped handicap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 team det 6 rescue rescue NOUN Number=Sing 7 team compound 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 handicapped obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 handicapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 handicap past the bad weather the rescue team tree rules
Example 6 People now say «disabled» rather than «handicapped».
nsubj advmod punct ccomp punct advmod case punct obl punct punct root People NOUN now ADV say VERB « PUNCT disabled VERB » PUNCT rather ADV than ADP « PUNCT handicapped ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 say nsubj 2 now now ADV PronType=Dem 3 say advmod 3 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 disabled punct 5 disabled disable VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 say ccomp 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 disabled punct 7 rather rather ADV _ 5 disabled advmod 8 than than ADP _ 10 handicapped case 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 handicapped punct 10 handicapped handicapped ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rather obl 11 » » PUNCT _ 5 disabled punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present People now vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 disable in a quote past vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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