harsh

Who acts: That, punishment, Polar bears, harsh light, you, harsh words · What happens: live, be, hurt, do, not be, get · To what, where: harsh climate, eyes, detention, him, harsh desert conditions, conversation

«harsh» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: harsh in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Cruel, unkind or too strict: «a harsh punishment», «harsh words».

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 punishment	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 unkind	punct
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cruel	conj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 strict	cc
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 strict	advmod
6	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cruel	conj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 punishment	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 punishment	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 punishment	det
10	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 punishment	amod
11	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 punishment	punct
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 words	punct
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 words	punct
15	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 words	amod
16	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 punishment	appos
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 words	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 punishment	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

Very difficult to live in: «a harsh winter», «a harsh desert».

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Very	very	ADV	_	2 difficult	advmod
2	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 live	mark
4	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 difficult	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	10 winter	case
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 in	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 winter	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 winter	det
9	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 winter	amod
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 live	obl
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 difficult	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 desert	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 desert	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 desert	det
15	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 desert	amod
16	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 difficult	parataxis
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 desert	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	to-infinitive					winter		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Unpleasant to the senses: too loud, bright or rough: «harsh light», «a harsh voice».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 senses	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 senses	det
4	senses	sens	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Unpleasant	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 loud	punct
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 loud	advmod
7	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Unpleasant	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bright	punct
9	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 loud	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 rough	cc
11	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 loud	conj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
14	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 light	amod
15	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 loud	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 voice	punct
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	21 voice	punct
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 voice	det
20	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 voice	amod
21	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 light	parataxis
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	21 voice	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Unpleasant	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

Unfair or a bit mean: «That's harsh, mate!».

The tree, 9 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Unfair	unfair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 mean	cc
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bit	det
4	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mean	obl:unmarked
5	mean	mean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Unfair	conj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 harsh	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 harsh	punct
8	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 harsh	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 harsh	cop
10	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Unfair	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 mate	punct
12	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 harsh	vocative
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	10 harsh	punct
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 harsh	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Unfair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	That					mate vocative; harsh property	tree rules

Example 1

The punishment was too harsh for such a small mistake.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 punishment	det
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harsh	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 harsh	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 harsh	advmod
5	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	10 mistake	case
7	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	10 mistake	det:predet
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 mistake	det
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 mistake	amod
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harsh	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 harsh	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the punishment					for such small mistake; harsh property	tree rules

Example 2

Polar bears live in a harsh climate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	nsubj
3	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 climate	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 climate	det
6	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 climate	amod
7	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 live	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Polar bears			a harsh climate			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in climate=Location

Example 3

The harsh light hurt my eyes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 light	det
2	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 light	amod
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hurt	nsubj
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 eyes	nmod:poss
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hurt	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	past	the harsh light	my eyes					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eye=Patient

Example 4

Don't be so harsh on your little brother.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 harsh	advmod
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 harsh	cop
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 harsh	advmod
5	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Do	advcl
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 brother	case
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 brother	nmod:poss
8	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 brother	amod
9	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harsh	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	imperative	you not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not is	infinitive	you not said here					on your little brother; harsh property	tree rules

Example 5

«You got detention for that? Harsh!»

Sentence 1: «You got detention for that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 got	punct
2	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 got	nsubj
3	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	detention	detention	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 got	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 that	case
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 got	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 got	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get in a quote	past	You	detention				for that	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent detention=Theme for that=Source

Sentence 2: Harsh!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Harsh	punct
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	1 Harsh	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

The coach's harsh words made him cry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 coach	det
2	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 words	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 coach	case
4	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 made	nsubj
6	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 made	obj
8	cry	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 made	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	make	past	the coach's harsh words	him = he	tree rules
2	cry speech: express	infinitive	him = he not said here		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	word		the coach		nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 7

Camels can survive harsh desert conditions.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Camels	camel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 survive	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 survive	aux
3	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 conditions	amod
5	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 conditions	compound
6	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 survive	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 survive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	can	Camels	harsh desert conditions					vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme condition=Circumstance

Example 8

Fionn’s brother, Cairell Whiteskin, broke into the conversation with a harsh laugh.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 brother	nmod:poss
2	’s	's	PART	_	1 Fionn	case
3	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 broke	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Cairell	punct
5	Cairell	Cairell	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 brother	appos
6	Whiteskin	Whiteskin	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Cairell	flat
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 brother	punct
8	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 conversation	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 conversation	det
11	conversation	conversation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 broke	obl
12	with	with	ADP	_	15 laugh	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 laugh	det
14	harsh	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 laugh	amod
15	laugh	laugh	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 broke	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 broke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	past	Fionn's brother					into the conversation result; with a harsh laugh	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent into conversation=Result with laugh=Instrument

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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