he Who acts: He, you, we, today, many, Tom · What happens: be, use, name, not repeat, do, not know · To what, where: word, male animal, name, subject, action, he · Speech: someone speaks here
«he» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: he in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 He is a word used for a boy, a man or a male animal who was already named, so you do not repeat the name.
The tree, 25 words nsubj cop det acl case det obl:agent punct det appos cc det amod conj nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl:relcl punct advmod nsubj aux advmod parataxis det obj punct root He PRON is AUX a DET word NOUN used VERB for ADP a DET boy NOUN , PUNCT a DET man NOUN or CCONJ a DET male ADJ animal NOUN who PRON was AUX already ADV named VERB , PUNCT so ADV you PRON do AUX not PART repeat VERB the DET name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 word acl 6 for for ADP _ 8 boy case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 boy det 8 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl:agent 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 man punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 man det 11 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 boy appos 12 or or CCONJ _ 15 animal cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 animal det 14 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 15 animal amod 15 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 11 man conj 16 who who PRON PronType=Rel 19 named nsubj:pass 17 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 named aux:pass 18 already already ADV _ 19 named advmod 19 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 animal acl:relcl 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 repeat punct 21 so so ADV _ 25 repeat advmod 22 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 25 repeat nsubj 23 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 repeat aux 24 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 repeat advmod 25 repeat repeat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 word parataxis 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 name det 27 name name NOUN Number=Sing 25 repeat obj 28 . . PUNCT _ 4 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He a word tree rules 2 use participle a word not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 name past · passive a male animal vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 4 not repeat present · do-support you the name vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 He is the subject of a sentence: he does the action.
nsubj cop det case det nmod punct nsubj conj det obj punct root He PRON is AUX the DET subject NOUN of ADP a DET sentence NOUN : PUNCT he PRON does VERB the DET action NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 subject nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 subject cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 subject det 4 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 sentence case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sentence det 7 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 4 subject nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 does punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 does nsubj 10 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 subject conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 action det 12 action action NOUN Number=Sing 10 does obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He the subject of a sentence tree rules 2 do present he the action vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Sometimes he is used for any person when we do not know who, but today «they» is more common.
The tree, 19 words advmod nsubj aux:pass case det obl advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl obj punct cc nsubj punct conj punct cop advmod conj punct root Sometimes ADV he PRON is AUX used VERB for ADP any DET person NOUN when ADV we PRON do AUX not PART know VERB who PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ today NOUN « PUNCT they PRON » PUNCT is AUX more ADV common ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 4 used advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 used nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 person case 6 any any DET PronType=Ind 7 person det 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obl 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 12 know advmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 know nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 know aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 know advmod 12 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 used advcl 13 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 know obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 22 common punct 15 but but CCONJ _ 22 common cc 16 today today NOUN Number=Sing 22 common nsubj 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 they punct 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 today conj 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 they punct 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 common cop 21 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 22 common advmod 22 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 4 used conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive he for any person; sometimes property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for person=Eventuality 2 not know present · do-support we vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer who=Stimulus 3 is present today common property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A he is a male animal or person: «Is the puppy a he or a she?».
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct punct cop det appos det appos cc det conj punct punct punct root A DET he PRON is AUX a DET male ADJ animal NOUN or CCONJ person NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Is AUX the DET puppy NOUN a DET he PRON or CCONJ a DET she PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 animal det 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 animal det 5 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animal amod 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 person cc 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 puppy punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 puppy punct 11 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 puppy cop 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 puppy det 13 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal appos 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 he det 15 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 puppy appos 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 she cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 she det 18 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 he conj 19 ? ? PUNCT _ 13 puppy punct 20 » » PUNCT _ 13 puppy punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present he a male animal or person tree rules 2 is a in a quote present the puppy tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
In quick talk he is often dropped or squeezed: «he's» = he is or he has, «he'd» = he would or he had, «he'll» = he will; «Where's he gone?».
The tree, 34 words case amod obl nsubj aux:pass advmod cc conj punct punct nsubj advcl punct punct nsubj parataxis cc nsubj conj punct punct nsubj aux punct punct nsubj advcl cc nsubj conj punct punct nsubj conj punct punct nsubj conj punct punct advmod aux nsubj conj punct punct punct root In ADP quick ADJ talk NOUN he PRON is AUX often ADV dropped VERB or CCONJ squeezed VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT he PRON 's VERB » PUNCT = SYM he PRON is VERB or CCONJ he PRON has VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT he PRON 'd AUX » PUNCT = SYM he PRON would AUX or CCONJ he PRON had VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT he PRON 'll AUX » PUNCT = SYM he PRON will AUX ; PUNCT « PUNCT Where ADV 's AUX he PRON gone VERB ? PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 talk case 2 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 3 talk amod 3 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 7 dropped obl 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 dropped nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dropped aux:pass 6 often often ADV _ 7 dropped advmod 7 dropped drop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 squeezed cc 9 squeezed squeeze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 dropped conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 7 dropped punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 's punct 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 's nsubj 13 's be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 is advcl 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 's punct 15 = = SYM _ 17 is punct 16 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 is nsubj 17 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dropped parataxis 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 has cc 19 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 has nsubj 20 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 is conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 28 would punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 24 'd punct 23 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 'd nsubj 24 'd would AUX VerbForm=Fin 28 would aux 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 'd punct 26 = = SYM _ 28 would punct 27 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 28 would nsubj 28 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 has advcl 29 or or CCONJ _ 31 had cc 30 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 had nsubj 31 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 28 would conj 32 , , PUNCT _ 35 'll punct 33 « « PUNCT _ 35 'll punct 34 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 35 'll nsubj 35 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 31 had conj 36 » » PUNCT _ 35 'll punct 37 = = SYM _ 39 will punct 38 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 39 will nsubj 39 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 35 'll conj 40 ; ; PUNCT _ 45 gone punct 41 « « PUNCT _ 45 gone punct 42 Where where ADV PronType=Rel 45 gone advmod 43 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 45 gone aux 44 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 45 gone nsubj 45 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 dropped conj 46 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 dropped punct 47 » » PUNCT _ 7 dropped punct 48 . . PUNCT _ 7 dropped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop present · passive he quick talk often property vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in talk=Destination 2 squeeze participle vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 3 be in a quote present he vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 be present he vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 have present he vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6 have past he vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 7 go in a quote present · passive he vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 6 Usage: rough, UK casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Him» and «his» are sometimes said for «he» in broken talk: «him and me went» or «how many he got left then» — understood, but not standard.
The tree, 26 words punct ccomp punct cc punct conj punct aux:pass advmod case punct nsubj punct case amod obl punct punct obl cc conj parataxis punct cc punct advmod nsubj nsubj conj advmod advmod punct punct conj punct cc advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT Him PRON » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT his PRON » PUNCT are AUX sometimes ADV said VERB for ADP « PUNCT he PRON » PUNCT in ADP broken ADJ talk NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT him PRON and CCONJ me PRON went VERB » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT how ADV many ADJ he PRON got VERB left ADV then ADV » PUNCT — PUNCT understood VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ not PART standard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Him punct 2 Him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 said ccomp 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Him punct 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 his cc 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 his punct 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 Him conj 7 » » PUNCT _ 2 Him punct 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 said aux:pass 9 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 10 said advmod 10 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 for for ADP _ 17 talk case 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 he punct 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 talk nsubj 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 he punct 15 in in ADP _ 17 talk case 16 broken broken ADJ Degree=Pos 17 talk amod 17 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 10 said obl 18 : : PUNCT _ 23 went punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 20 him punct 20 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 went obl 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 me cc 22 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 20 him conj 23 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 said parataxis 24 » » PUNCT _ 23 went punct 25 or or CCONJ _ 30 got cc 26 « « PUNCT _ 30 got punct 27 how how ADV PronType=Int 28 many advmod 28 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 30 got nsubj 29 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 got nsubj 30 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 went conj 31 left left ADV _ 30 got advmod 32 then then ADV PronType=Dem 30 got advmod 33 » » PUNCT _ 30 got punct 34 — - PUNCT _ 35 understood punct 35 understood understand VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 said conj 36 , , PUNCT _ 39 standard punct 37 but but CCONJ _ 39 standard cc 38 not not PART Polarity=Neg 39 standard advmod 39 standard standard ADJ Degree=Pos 35 understood ccomp 40 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · passive for broken talk; sometimes property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: clause=Topic 2 go in a quote past him = he vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 get in a quote past many then left property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 understand past vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 Tom has 8 pens. He buys 4 more.
Sentence 1: Tom has 8 pens.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Tom PROPN has VERB 8 NUM pens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pens nummod 4 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Tom 8 pens vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Patient
Sentence 2: He buys 4 more.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON buys VERB 4 NUM more ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 buys nsubj 2 buys buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 more nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 buys obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 buys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present Tom 4 more vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
Example 2 He gave 3 to Sam.
nsubj obj case obl punct root He PRON gave VERB 3 NUM to ADP Sam PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 gave obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 Sam case 5 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 gave obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He 3 Sam vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3=Theme to sam=Recipient
Example 3 How many does he have now?
advmod obj aux nsubj advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ does AUX he PRON have VERB now ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 have obj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have aux 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 have advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support he many now vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
Example 4 He walked 2 km.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON walked VERB 2 NUM km NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 km nummod 4 km km NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past He 2 km vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme km=Trajectory
Example 5 My dog is old, but he still loves to run.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct cc nsubj advmod conj mark xcomp punct root My PRON dog NOUN is AUX old ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON still ADV loves VERB to PART run VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dog nmod:poss 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 old nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 old cop 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 loves punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 loves cc 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 loves nsubj 8 still still ADV _ 9 loves advmod 9 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 old conj 10 to to PART _ 11 run mark 11 run run VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 loves xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 old punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My dog old property tree rules 2 love present dog still vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 run not said to happen to-infinitive dog not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Dad says he will pick us up at three.
nsubj nsubj aux ccomp obj compound:prt case obl punct root Dad NOUN says VERB he PRON will AUX pick VERB us PRON up ADP at ADP three NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 pick nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 pick aux 5 pick pick VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 says ccomp 6 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 pick obj 7 up up ADP _ 5 pick compound:prt 8 at at ADP _ 9 three case 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 pick obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Dad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 pick up future Dad us three vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Topic
Example 7 He's my best friend.
nsubj cop nmod:poss amod punct root He PRON 's AUX my PRON best ADJ friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 friend nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 friend cop 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 friend nmod:poss 4 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 5 friend amod 5 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 friend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He my best friend tree rules
Example 8 Ask the coach if he has a spare ball.
det obj mark nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct root Ask VERB the DET coach NOUN if SCONJ he PRON has VERB a DET spare ADJ ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 coach det 3 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 has mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 has nsubj 6 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Ask ccomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 ball det 8 spare spare ADJ Degree=Pos 9 ball amod 9 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 6 has obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here the coach vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent coach=Recipient clause=Topic 2 have a condition, not said to happen present he a spare ball vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient
Example 9 he ate 3 of my chips, the greedy git, how many i got left (casual, rough)
The tree, 16 words nsubj obj case nmod:poss nmod punct det amod parataxis punct advmod nsubj nsubj conj advmod punct parataxis punct conj punct root he PRON ate VERB 3 NUM of ADP my PRON chips NOUN , PUNCT the DET greedy ADJ git NOUN , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ i PRON got VERB left ADV ( PUNCT casual ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 ate obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 chips case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 chips nmod:poss 6 chips chip NOUN Number=Plur 3 3 nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 git punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 git det 9 greedy greedy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 git amod 10 git git NOUN Number=Sing 2 ate parataxis 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 got punct 12 how how ADV PronType=Int 13 many advmod 13 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 15 got nsubj 14 i I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 got nsubj 15 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 git conj 16 left left ADV _ 15 got advmod 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 casual punct 18 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos 10 git parataxis 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 rough punct 20 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 18 casual conj 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 casual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past he 3 of my chips vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Patient 2 get past many left property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 10 can i pet him?? he's growling (casual)
aux nsubj compound punct nsubj aux parataxis punct conj punct root can AUX i PRON pet NOUN him PRON ?? PUNCT he PRON 's AUX growling VERB ( PUNCT casual ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 him aux 2 i I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 him nsubj 3 pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 4 him compound 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs root root 5 ?? ?? PUNCT _ 8 growling punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 growling nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 growling aux 8 growling growl VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 him parataxis 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 casual punct 10 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos 8 growling conj 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 casual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 growl present · progressive he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 11 Him and his brother got 5 each, so 10 in all, innit (casual, broken grammar)
The tree, 15 words nsubj cc nmod:poss conj obj advmod punct advmod obl case nmod punct conj punct obj punct amod conj punct root Him PRON and CCONJ his PRON brother NOUN got VERB 5 NUM each DET , PUNCT so ADV 10 NUM in ADP all DET , PUNCT innit VERB ( PUNCT casual ADJ , PUNCT broken VERB grammar NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 got nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 brother cc 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brother nmod:poss 4 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 1 Him conj 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 got obj 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 5 advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 10 punct 9 so so ADV _ 10 10 advmod 10 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 got obl 11 in in ADP _ 12 all case 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 10 nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 innit punct 14 innit innit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 got conj 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 casual punct 16 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos 14 innit obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 grammar punct 18 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 grammar amod 19 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 16 casual conj 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 casual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Him = he 5 10 in all obl vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 5=Stimulus 2 innit infinitive Him = he not said here casual and broken grammar tree rules 3 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 12 It is given that he subsequently acquires a further 4 pens; determine the total in his possession. (formal exam)
Sentence 1: It is given that he subsequently acquires a further 4 pens; determine the total in his possession.
The tree, 17 words nsubj:pass aux:pass mark nsubj advmod advcl det amod nummod obj punct conj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root It PRON is AUX given VERB that SCONJ he PRON subsequently ADV acquires VERB a DET further ADJ 4 NUM pens NOUN ; PUNCT determine VERB the DET total NOUN in ADP his PRON possession NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 given nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 given aux:pass 3 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 acquires mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 acquires nsubj 6 subsequently subsequently ADV _ 7 acquires advmod 7 acquires acquire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 given advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pens det 9 further further ADJ Degree=Pos 11 pens amod 10 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 pens nummod 11 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 7 acquires obj 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 determine punct 13 determine determine VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 given conj 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 total det 15 total total NOUN Number=Sing 13 determine obj 16 in in ADP _ 18 possession case 17 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 possession nmod:poss 18 possession possession NOUN Number=Sing 13 determine obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 given punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present · passive It vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 acquire present he a further 4 pens subsequently property vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme 3 determine infinitive the total his possession vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Topic 4 possess his = he nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent
Sentence 2: (formal exam)
punct amod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ exam NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 exam punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exam amod 3 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 exam punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 13 "Good morning, Little Red-Cap," he said.
punct amod ccomp punct appos flat punct conj punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT Good ADJ morning NOUN , PUNCT Little ADJ Red PROPN - PUNCT Cap PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 2 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 morning amod 3 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 12 said ccomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Little punct 5 Little Little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 morning appos 6 Red Red PROPN Number=Sing 5 Little flat 7 - - PUNCT _ 8 Cap punct 8 Cap Cap PROPN Number=Sing 5 Little conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 said nsubj 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Cap vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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