heavy Who acts: Heavy, heavy meal, you, box, heavy bag, much · What happens: mean, weigh, lift, be, make, feel · To what, where: lot, one, you, heavy heart, 12 kg, dog
«heavy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: heavy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Heavy means weighing a lot and hard to lift.
nsubj xcomp det obj cc conj mark xcomp punct root Heavy NOUN means VERB weighing VERB a DET lot NOUN and CCONJ hard ADJ to PART lift VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heavy heavy NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 weighing weigh VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 3 weighing obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 hard cc 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 lot conj 8 to to PART _ 9 lift mark 9 lift lift VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 hard xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Heavy vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 weigh not said to happen gerund Heavy not said here a lot vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value 3 lift to-infinitive Heavy not said here vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Heavy means a lot of, or strong: heavy rain, heavy traffic.
The tree, 11 words nsubj det obj mark punct cc acl punct amod parataxis punct amod conj punct root Heavy NOUN means VERB a DET lot NOUN of SCONJ , PUNCT or CCONJ strong ADJ : PUNCT heavy ADJ rain NOUN , PUNCT heavy ADJ traffic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heavy heavy NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lot det 4 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 5 of of SCONJ _ 8 strong mark 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 strong punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 strong cc 8 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 lot acl 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 rain punct 10 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rain amod 11 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 traffic punct 13 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 14 traffic amod 14 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 11 rain conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Heavy a lot vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic
Meaning 3 A heavy meal is one that makes you feel full.
det amod nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp xcomp punct root A DET heavy ADJ meal NOUN is AUX one NUM that PRON makes VERB you PRON feel VERB full ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 meal det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 meal amod 3 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one acl:relcl 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 makes obj 9 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 makes xcomp 10 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feel xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a heavy meal one tree rules 2 make present you tree rules 3 feel infinitive you not said here full property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 4 Heavy can mean sad or serious: «a heavy heart».
nsubj aux xcomp cc conj punct punct det amod obj punct punct root Heavy NOUN can AUX mean VERB sad ADJ or CCONJ serious ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET heavy ADJ heart NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heavy heavy NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 serious cc 6 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sad conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 heart punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 heart punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 heart det 10 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 heart amod 11 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 heart punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Heavy a heavy heart sad property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Topic
Example 1 The box is 3 kg heavier than the bag.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case det obl punct root The DET box NOUN is AUX 3 NUM kg NOUN heavier ADJ than ADP the DET bag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 6 heavier nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 heavier cop 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 6 heavier obl:unmarked 6 heavier heavy ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 7 than than ADP _ 9 bag case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bag det 9 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 6 heavier obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 heavier punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the box than the bag; 3 kg obl:unmarked ; heavy property tree rules
Example 2 Which is the heaviest?
nsubj cop det punct root Which PRON is AUX the DET heaviest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which PRON PronType=Rel 4 heaviest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 heaviest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 heaviest det 4 heaviest heavy ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 heaviest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present heavy property tree rules
Example 3 A heavy bag weighs 12 kg.
det amod nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET heavy ADJ bag NOUN weighs VERB 12 NUM kg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bag det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bag amod 3 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 4 weighs nsubj 4 weighs weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 kg nummod 6 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 4 weighs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 weighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh present a heavy bag 12 kg vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value
Example 4 How much heavier is the dog?
advmod nsubj xcomp cop det punct root How ADV much ADJ heavier ADJ is AUX the DET dog NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dog nsubj 3 heavier heavy ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 much xcomp 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dog cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dog det 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 dog punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present much the dog tree rules
Example 5 This box is too heavy for me to lift.
det nsubj cop advmod mark nsubj mark advcl punct root This DET box NOUN is AUX too ADV heavy ADJ for SCONJ me PRON to PART lift VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 heavy nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 heavy cop 4 too too ADV _ 5 heavy advmod 5 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for SCONJ _ 9 lift mark 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 lift nsubj 8 to to PART _ 9 lift mark 9 lift lift VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 heavy advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 heavy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this box heavy property tree rules 2 lift to-infinitive me vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Heavy rain flooded the road.
amod nsubj det obj punct root Heavy ADJ rain NOUN flooded VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 rain amod 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 flooded nsubj 3 flooded flood VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 road det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 flooded obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 flooded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flood past Heavy rain the road vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Example 7 There was heavy traffic on the way to school.
expl amod nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root There PRON was VERB heavy ADJ traffic NOUN on ADP the DET way NOUN to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 traffic amod 4 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 7 way case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 8 to to ADP _ 9 school case 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 way nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past heavy traffic the way to school; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on way=Location
Example 8 Bend your knees when you lift something heavy.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl obj amod punct root Bend VERB your PRON knees NOUN when ADV you PRON lift VERB something PRON heavy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bend bend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 knees nmod:poss 3 knees knee NOUN Number=Plur 1 Bend obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 lift advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 lift nsubj 6 lift lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Bend advcl 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 lift obj 8 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 something amod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Bend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bend imperative you not said here your knees vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent knee=Material 2 lift present you something vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
Example 9 She left her old school with a heavy heart.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON left VERB her PRON old ADJ school NOUN with ADP a DET heavy ADJ heart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 school nmod:poss 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 school amod 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 heart case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 heart det 8 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 heart amod 9 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past She her old school with a heavy heart vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent school=Recipient with heart=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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