help Who acts: work, their, Help, act, things, someone · What happens: help, be, work, make, shout, not help · To what, where: act, work, Help, danger, yourself, one serving · Speech: someone speaks here
«help» in the school dictionary: its 11 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: help in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To help is to do something for someone so their work is easier.
mark advcl cop mark obj case obl advmod nmod:poss nsubj cop parataxis punct root To PART help VERB is AUX to PART do VERB something PRON for ADP someone PRON so ADV their PRON work NOUN is AUX easier ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 help mark 2 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 do advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 do cop 4 to to PART _ 5 do mark 5 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 do obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 do obl 9 so so ADV _ 13 easier advmod 10 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 work nmod:poss 11 work work NOUN Number=Sing 13 easier nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 easier cop 13 easier easy ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 do parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help to-infinitive vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 is present for someone; do property tree rules 3 is present their work easy property tree rules 4 work their = they nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Help is the act of helping, or things that make work easier.
nsubj cop det mark acl punct cc nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp punct root Help NOUN is AUX the DET act NOUN of SCONJ helping VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ things NOUN that PRON make VERB work NOUN easier ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Help help NOUN Number=Sing 4 act nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 act cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 act det 4 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 helping mark 6 helping help VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 act acl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 things punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 things cc 9 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 act nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 make nsubj 11 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 things acl:relcl 12 work work NOUN Number=Sing 11 make obj 13 easier easy ADJ Degree=Cmp 11 make xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Help the act things nmod tree rules 2 help gerund the act not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 3 make present things work easy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product
Meaning 3 «Help!» is shouted when someone is in danger.
punct nsubj:pass punct punct aux:pass mark nsubj cop case advcl punct root « PUNCT Help NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT is AUX shouted VERB when SCONJ someone PRON is AUX in ADP danger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 2 Help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 shouted nsubj:pass 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shouted aux:pass 6 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 when when SCONJ _ 11 danger mark 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 danger nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 danger cop 10 in in ADP _ 11 danger case 11 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 6 shouted advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express present · passive Help vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic 2 is present someone danger tree rules
Meaning 4 Can't help means cannot stop yourself, as in I can't help laughing.
The tree, 15 words aux advmod nsubj aux advmod ccomp obj punct mark fixed nsubj aux advmod conj xcomp punct root Ca AUX n't PART help VERB means VERB can AUX not PART stop VERB yourself PRON , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP I PRON ca AUX n't PART help VERB laughing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 help aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 help advmod 3 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 stop aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 stop advmod 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 8 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 stop obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 help punct 10 as as SCONJ _ 15 help mark 11 in in ADP _ 10 as fixed 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 help nsubj 13 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 help aux 14 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 15 help advmod 15 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stop conj 16 laughing laugh VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 help xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not help can vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not stop can yourself vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality yourself=Eventuality 4 not help can I vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 5 laugh not said to happen gerund I not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 A helping is one serving of food on a plate.
det nsubj cop nummod case nmod case det nmod punct root A DET helping NOUN is AUX one NUM serving NOUN of ADP food NOUN on ADP a DET plate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 helping det 2 helping helping NOUN Number=Sing 5 serving nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 serving cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 serving nummod 5 serving serving NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 food case 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 serving nmod 8 on on ADP _ 10 plate case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plate det 10 plate plate NOUN Number=Sing 5 serving nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 serving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a helping one serving a plate of food tree rules
Meaning 6 Help yourself means take what you want.
nsubj obj ccomp obj nsubj ccomp punct root Help VERB yourself PRON means VERB take VERB what PRON you PRON want VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means nsubj 2 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 1 Help obj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 5 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 want obj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 want nsubj 7 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 take ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help infinitive yourself vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 take infinitive vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition 4 want present you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Help a mate out» or «gimme a hand» means please help me; «no help at all» is said, often sarcastically, of someone useless.
The tree, 23 words punct nsubj det obj compound:prt punct cc punct conj det obj punct discourse ccomp obj punct punct det csubj:pass case nmod punct aux:pass conj punct advmod advmod punct case obl amod punct root « PUNCT Help VERB a DET mate NOUN out ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT gimme VERB a DET hand NOUN » PUNCT means VERB please INTJ help VERB me PRON ; PUNCT « PUNCT no DET help NOUN at ADP all DET » PUNCT is AUX said VERB , PUNCT often ADV sarcastically ADV , PUNCT of ADP someone PRON useless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 2 Help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 13 means nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mate det 4 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 2 Help obj 5 out out ADP _ 2 Help compound:prt 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 gimme cc 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 gimme punct 9 gimme gimme VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Help conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hand det 11 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 gimme obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 2 Help punct 13 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 please please INTJ _ 15 help discourse 15 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 means ccomp 16 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 help obj 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 said punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 help punct 19 no no DET PronType=Neg 20 help det 20 help help NOUN Number=Sing 25 said csubj:pass 21 at at ADP _ 22 all case 22 all all DET PronType=Tot 20 help nmod 23 » » PUNCT _ 20 help punct 24 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 said aux:pass 25 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 means conj 26 , , PUNCT _ 28 sarcastically punct 27 often often ADV _ 28 sarcastically advmod 28 sarcastically sarcastically ADV _ 25 said advmod 29 , , PUNCT _ 31 someone punct 30 of of ADP _ 31 someone case 31 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 25 said obl 32 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 31 someone amod 33 . . PUNCT _ 13 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help out in a quote infinitive a mate vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Beneficiary 2 gimme in a quote infinitive a hand tree rules 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 help infinitive me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary 5 say speech: assert present · passive of someone; sarcastically property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»
Meaning 8 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«God help us» or «heaven help him» means things are bad or someone is in trouble; «you're no bloody help» is an angry complaint.
The tree, 25 words punct nsubj nsubj obj punct cc punct nsubj conj obj punct nsubj cop ccomp cc nsubj cop case conj punct punct nsubj cop det amod nsubj punct cop det amod parataxis punct root « PUNCT God PROPN help VERB us PRON » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT heaven NOUN help VERB him PRON » PUNCT means VERB things NOUN are AUX bad ADJ or CCONJ someone PRON is AUX in ADP trouble NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON 're AUX no DET bloody ADJ help NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET angry ADJ complaint NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 help punct 2 God God PROPN Number=Sing 3 help nsubj 3 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 means nsubj 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 help obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 help punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 help cc 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 help punct 8 heaven heaven NOUN Number=Sing 9 help nsubj 9 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 help conj 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 help obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 3 help punct 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 15 bad nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 bad cop 15 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 12 means ccomp 16 or or CCONJ _ 20 trouble cc 17 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 20 trouble nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 trouble cop 19 in in ADP _ 20 trouble case 20 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 15 bad conj 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 32 complaint punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 27 help punct 23 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 27 help nsubj 24 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 help cop 25 no no DET PronType=Neg 27 help det 26 bloody bloody ADJ Degree=Pos 27 help amod 27 help help NOUN Number=Sing 32 complaint nsubj 28 » » PUNCT _ 27 help punct 29 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 complaint cop 30 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 32 complaint det 31 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 32 complaint amod 32 complaint complaint NOUN Number=Sing 12 means parataxis 33 . . PUNCT _ 12 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help in a quote infinitive God us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary 2 help in a quote present heaven God vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is present things bad property tree rules 5 is present someone trouble tree rules 6 is a in a quote present you no bloody help tree rules 7 is a present no bloody help a angry complaint tree rules
Meaning 9 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
«Assistance», «render assistance» and «aid» are the stiff words for help: «Assistance was rendered by two volunteers.».
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj punct punct punct compound appos punct cc punct conj punct cop det amod case nmod punct punct nsubj aux:pass appos case nummod obl punct punct punct root « PUNCT Assistance NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT render NOUN assistance NOUN » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT aid NOUN » PUNCT are AUX the DET stiff ADJ words NOUN for ADP help NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Assistance PROPN was AUX rendered VERB by ADP two NUM volunteers NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Assistance punct 2 Assistance assistance NOUN Number=Sing 16 words nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Assistance punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 assistance punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 assistance punct 6 render render NOUN Number=Sing 7 assistance compound 7 assistance assistance NOUN Number=Sing 2 Assistance appos 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 assistance punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 aid cc 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 aid punct 11 aid aid NOUN Number=Sing 7 assistance conj 12 » » PUNCT _ 7 assistance punct 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 words cop 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 words det 15 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 16 words amod 16 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 17 for for ADP _ 18 help case 18 help help NOUN Number=Sing 16 words nmod 19 : : PUNCT _ 23 rendered punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 23 rendered punct 21 Assistance Assistance PROPN Number=Sing 23 rendered nsubj 22 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 rendered aux:pass 23 rendered render VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 words appos 24 by by ADP _ 26 volunteers case 25 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 26 volunteers nummod 26 volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 23 rendered obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 23 rendered punct 28 » » PUNCT _ 23 rendered punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 16 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Assistance the stiff words for help tree rules 2 render in a quote past · passive two volunteers Assistance vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Meaning 10 Usage: euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.
«The help» is an old way to say servants or cleaners; «needs a bit of help» can softly mean someone is struggling.
The tree, 22 words punct det nsubj punct cop det amod mark acl obj cc conj punct punct parataxis det nsubj case nmod punct aux advmod parataxis nsubj aux ccomp punct root « PUNCT The DET help NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ way NOUN to PART say VERB servants NOUN or CCONJ cleaners NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT needs VERB a DET bit NOUN of ADP help NOUN » PUNCT can AUX softly ADV mean VERB someone PRON is AUX struggling VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 help punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 help det 3 help help NOUN Number=Sing 8 way nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 help punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 way cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 way det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 way amod 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 to to PART _ 10 say mark 10 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 way acl 11 servants servant NOUN Number=Plur 10 say obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 cleaners cc 13 cleaners cleaner NOUN Number=Plur 11 servants conj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 needs punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 needs punct 16 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 way parataxis 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 bit det 18 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 24 mean nsubj 19 of of ADP _ 20 help case 20 help help NOUN Number=Sing 18 bit nmod 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 help punct 22 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 mean aux 23 softly softly ADV _ 24 mean advmod 24 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 needs parataxis 25 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 27 struggling nsubj 26 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 struggling aux 27 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 mean ccomp 28 . . PUNCT _ 8 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the help a old way tree rules 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive servants or cleaners vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 need in a quote present vn require-103-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition 4 mean can a bit of help softly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 struggle present · progressive someone vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 11 No help for it means nothing can be done about a situation, so it has to be accepted.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case nmod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp case det obl punct advmod nsubj parataxis mark aux:pass xcomp punct root No DET help NOUN for ADP it PRON means VERB nothing PRON can AUX be AUX done VERB about ADP a DET situation NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON has VERB to PART be AUX accepted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 help det 2 help help NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 for for ADP _ 4 it case 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 help nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 9 done nsubj:pass 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 done aux 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 done aux:pass 9 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 means ccomp 10 about about ADP _ 12 situation case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 situation det 12 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 9 done obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 has punct 14 so so ADV _ 16 has advmod 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 has nsubj 16 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means parataxis 17 to to PART _ 19 accepted mark 18 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 19 accepted aux:pass 19 accepted accept VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 has xcomp 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no help for it vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do can · passive nothing about a situation vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality 3 have present help tree rules 4 accept to-infinitive · passive help not said here vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»
Example 1 Sam helps his dad pick 30 apples.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp nummod obj punct root Sam PROPN helps VERB his PRON dad NOUN pick VERB 30 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 dad nmod:poss 4 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps obj 5 pick pick VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 6 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 apples nummod 7 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 pick obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Sam Sam's dad vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent dad=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 pick infinitive Sam's dad not said here 30 apples vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 2 With Ann's help they paint 2 walls an hour.
case nmod:poss case obl nsubj nummod obj det nmod:unmarked punct root With ADP Ann PROPN 's PART help NOUN they PRON paint VERB 2 NUM walls NOUN an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 4 help case 2 Ann Ann PROPN Number=Sing 4 help nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 Ann case 4 help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 paint obl 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 paint nsubj 6 paint paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 walls nummod 8 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 6 paint obj 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 hour det 10 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 8 walls nmod:unmarked 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 paint punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint present they 2 walls a hour with Ann's help vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent wall=Destination with help=Theme 2 help Ann nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 She had two helpings of soup.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root She PRON had VERB two NUM helpings NOUN of ADP soup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 helpings nummod 4 helpings helping NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 soup case 6 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 4 helpings nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past She two helpings of soup vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helping=Patient
Example 4 How many did they pick together?
advmod obj aux nsubj advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ did AUX they PRON pick VERB together ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pick obj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 pick aux 4 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 pick nsubj 5 pick pick VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 together together ADV _ 5 pick advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick past · do-support they many together property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
Example 5 Can you help me carry this box?
aux nsubj obj xcomp det obj punct root Can AUX you PRON help VERB me PRON carry VERB this DET box NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 help aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 help nsubj 3 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 help obj 5 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 help xcomp 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 box det 7 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 carry obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can you me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 carry infinitive me not said here this box vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme
Example 6 If you are lost, ask a police officer for help.
mark nsubj aux:pass advcl punct det compound obj case obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX lost VERB , PUNCT ask VERB a DET police NOUN officer NOUN for ADP help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 lost mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 lost nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lost aux:pass 4 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 ask advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 officer det 8 police police NOUN Number=Sing 9 officer compound 9 officer officer NOUN Number=Sing 6 ask obj 10 for for ADP _ 11 help case 11 help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 ask obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose a condition, not said to happen present · passive you vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality 2 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here a police officer for help vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent officer=Recipient
Example 7 Help yourself to some fruit.
obj case det obl punct root Help VERB yourself PRON to ADP some DET fruit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 1 Help obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 fruit case 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 fruit det 5 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Help obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help imperative you not said here yourself to some fruit vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary
Example 8 I couldn't help smiling when I saw the puppy.
nsubj aux advmod advcl advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root I PRON could AUX n't PART help VERB smiling VERB when ADV I PRON saw VERB the DET puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 help nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 help advmod 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 smiling smile VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 help advcl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 saw advmod 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 saw nsubj 8 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 smiling advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 puppy det 10 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 8 saw obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not help could I vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 smile gerund I not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 see past I the puppy vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puppy=Stimulus
Example 9 help me out mate, 3 bags each and there's 4 of us, how many bags (casual)
The tree, 17 words obj compound:prt vocative punct nummod obl det cc expl conj appos case nmod punct advmod amod conj punct appos punct root help VERB me PRON out ADP mate NOUN , PUNCT 3 NUM bags NOUN each DET and CCONJ there PRON 's VERB 4 NUM of ADP us PRON , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ bags NOUN ( PUNCT casual NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 help obj 3 out out ADP _ 1 help compound:prt 4 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 1 help vocative 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 bags punct 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 bags nummod 7 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 1 help obl 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 12 4 det 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 's cc 10 there there PRON PronType=Dem 11 's expl 11 's be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 each conj 12 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 bags appos 13 of of ADP _ 14 us case 14 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 4 nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 bags punct 16 how how ADV PronType=Int 17 many advmod 17 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 18 bags amod 18 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 7 bags conj 19 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 casual punct 20 casual casual NOUN Number=Sing 18 bags appos 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 casual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help out imperative you not said here me mate vocative ; 3 bags and many bags obl vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary 2 be present you not said here there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 Oh great, you're a big help — you ate half the biscuits! (sarcastic)
Sentence 1: Oh great, you're a big help — you ate half the biscuits!
The tree, 12 words discourse xcomp punct nsubj cop det amod punct nsubj parataxis det:predet det obj punct root Oh INTJ great ADJ , PUNCT you PRON 're AUX a DET big ADJ help NOUN — PUNCT you PRON ate VERB half DET the DET biscuits NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 8 help discourse 2 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Oh xcomp 3 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 help nsubj 5 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 help cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 help det 7 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 8 help amod 8 help help NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 — - PUNCT _ 11 ate punct 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 ate nsubj 11 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 help parataxis 12 half half DET NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind 14 biscuits det:predet 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 biscuits det 14 biscuits biscuit NOUN Number=Plur 11 ate obj 15 ! ! PUNCT _ 8 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present you a big help tree rules 2 eat past you half biscuits vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient
Sentence 2: (sarcastic)
punct punct root ( PUNCT sarcastic NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 sarcastic punct 2 sarcastic sarcastic NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 sarcastic punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 11 Shut up and help me count them, it's 12 not 10. (rough)
Sentence 1: Shut up and help me count them, it's 12 not 10.
compound:prt cc conj obj xcomp obj punct nsubj cop compound advmod obl punct root Shut VERB up ADP and CCONJ help VERB me PRON count VERB them PRON , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX 12 NUM not PART 10 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shut shut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Shut compound:prt 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 help cc 4 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Shut conj 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 help obj 6 count count VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 help xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 count obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 10 punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 10 nsubj 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 10 cop 11 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 10 compound 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 10 advmod 13 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Shut obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shut up imperative you not said here vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 help infinitive you not said here me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 count infinitive me not said here them = they vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 4 not is a present it 12 10 tree rules
Sentence 2: (rough)
punct punct root ( PUNCT rough ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 rough punct 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 rough punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 12 With the assistance of two volunteers, a quantity of 30 apples was harvested; determine the share of each. (formal exam)
Sentence 1: With the assistance of two volunteers, a quantity of 30 apples was harvested; determine the share of each.
The tree, 18 words case det obl case nummod nmod punct det nsubj:pass case nummod nmod aux:pass punct conj det obj case nmod punct root With ADP the DET assistance NOUN of ADP two NUM volunteers NOUN , PUNCT a DET quantity NOUN of ADP 30 NUM apples NOUN was AUX harvested VERB ; PUNCT determine VERB the DET share NOUN of ADP each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 3 assistance case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 assistance det 3 assistance assistance NOUN Number=Sing 14 harvested obl 4 of of ADP _ 6 volunteers case 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 volunteers nummod 6 volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 3 assistance nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 assistance punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 quantity det 9 quantity quantity NOUN Number=Sing 14 harvested nsubj:pass 10 of of ADP _ 12 apples case 11 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 apples nummod 12 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 9 quantity nmod 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 harvested aux:pass 14 harvested harvest VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 determine punct 16 determine determine VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 harvested conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 share det 18 share share NOUN Number=Sing 16 determine obj 19 of of ADP _ 20 each case 20 each each DET PronType=Tot 18 share nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 14 harvested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harvest past · passive a quantity of 30 apples with the assistance of two volunteers tree rules 2 determine infinitive the share of each vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Topic 3 assist two volunteers nom assistance «act transitive»: of=patient
Sentence 2: (formal exam)
punct amod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ exam NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 exam punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exam amod 3 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 exam punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 13 There was no help for it.
expl det nsubj case nmod punct root There PRON was VERB no DET help NOUN for ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 help det 4 help help NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 for for ADP _ 6 it case 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 help nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past no help for it there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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