hence

Who acts: It, old, wizard, you · What happens: mean, rain, find, call, know, get · To what, where: puddles, area, shop, formal results, thee · Speech: someone speaks here

«hence» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hence in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

Hence means «so» or «for this reason».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hence	hence	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 so	punct
4	so	so	ADV	_	2 means	obj
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 so	punct
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 reason	cc
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 reason	punct
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 reason	case
9	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 reason	det
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 so	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 reason	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present						hence property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent so=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

Hence means from now: «three weeks hence» means three weeks from now.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hence	hence	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 now	case
4	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 means	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 means	punct
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 hence	punct
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 weeks	nummod
8	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 hence	obl:unmarked
9	hence	hence	ADV	_	11 means	advmod
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 hence	punct
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	parataxis
12	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 weeks	nummod
13	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 means	obj
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 now	case
15	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 means	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present						hence property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present					week	hence property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

Hence means from here, away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hence	hence	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 here	case
4	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 means	ccomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 away	punct
6	away	away	ADV	_	4 here	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present						hence property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Example 1

It rained all night, hence the puddles.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rained	nsubj
2	rained	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 night	det
4	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rained	obl:unmarked
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 puddles	punct
6	hence	hence	ADV	_	8 puddles	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 puddles	det
8	puddles	puddle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rained	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rained	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rain	past	It	the puddles			night		vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

Example 2

3 × 4 = 12, hence 12 ÷ 4 = 3.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
2	×	×	SYM	_	3 4	case
3	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	1 3	nmod
4	=	=	SYM	_	5 12	case
5	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	1 3	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 12	punct
7	hence	hence	ADV	_	8 12	advmod
8	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	1 3	conj
9	÷	÷	SYM	_	10 4	case
10	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 12	nmod
11	=	=	SYM	_	12 3	case
12	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 12	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 3	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

(formal) Hence, find the area of the whole shape.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	Hence	hence	ADV	_	2 formal	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 find	punct
6	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 formal	parataxis
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 area	det
8	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 find	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 shape	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shape	det
11	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 shape	amod
12	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 area	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	infinitive		the area of the whole shape					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Topic

Example 4

The shop is called «Bob's», hence the big B on the sign.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shop	det
2	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 called	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 called	aux:pass
4	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 Bob	punct
6	Bob	Bob	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 called	xcomp
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Bob	case
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 Bob	punct
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 B	punct
10	hence	hence	ADV	_	13 B	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 B	det
12	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 B	amod
13	B	B	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 called	obl
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 sign	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 sign	det
16	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 B	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present · passive		the shop				the big B on the sign obl	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Example 5

(formal) The results will be known two weeks hence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 results	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 results	det
5	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 known	nsubj:pass
6	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 known	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 known	aux:pass
8	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 weeks	nummod
10	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hence	obl:unmarked
11	hence	hence	ADV	_	8 known	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 known	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	future · passive		the formal results				hence property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Example 6

(old) «Get thee hence!» cried the wizard.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 Get	punct
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 Get	nsubj
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 old	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Get	punct
5	Get	get	VERB	Mood=Sub Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 cried	ccomp
6	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	5 Get	obj
7	hence	hence	ADV	_	5 Get	advmod
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 Get	punct
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Get	punct
10	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wizard	det
12	wizard	wizard	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cried	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 cried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get in a quote	infinitive	old	thee				hence property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus
2	cry speech: express	past	the wizard						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Example 7

But now go hence quickly with thy friends.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	3 go	cc
2	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 go	advmod
3	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hence	hence	ADV	_	5 quickly	advmod
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	3 go	advmod
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 friends	case
7	thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	8 friends	nmod:poss
8	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 go	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	imperative	you not said here				now	with thy friends; quickly property	vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with friend=Beneficiary

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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