hereby

Who acts: words, something, I, We, queen, certificate · What happens: mean, make, happen, use, declare, invite · To what, where: statement, something, It, official announcements, library, You · Speech: someone speaks here

«hereby» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hereby in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

Hereby means «by this statement, letter or document» — the words themselves make something happen.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hereby	hereby	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 statement	punct
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 statement	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 statement	det
6	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 letter	punct
8	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 statement	conj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 document	cc
10	document	document	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 letter	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 statement	punct
12	—	-	PUNCT	_	16 make	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 words	det
14	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 make	nsubj
15	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	14 words	nmod
16	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	conj
17	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	16 make	obj
18	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 make	xcomp
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present		this statement and letter or document	hereby property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Topic
2	make	present	the words words	something		tree rules
3	happen	infinitive	something not said here			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

It is used in official announcements, certificates and old-fashioned speeches.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 used	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 used	aux:pass
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 announcements	case
5	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 announcements	amod
6	announcements	announcement	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 certificates	punct
8	certificates	certificate	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 announcements	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 speeches	cc
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fashioned	amod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 old	punct
12	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 speeches	amod
13	speeches	speech	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 announcements	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive		It		official announcements and certificates and fashioned speeches			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 1

I hereby declare this library open!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 declare	nsubj
2	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	3 declare	advmod
3	declare	declare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 library	det
5	library	library	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 declare	obj
6	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 declare	xcomp
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 declare	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other	present	I	this library				hereby, open property	vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent library=Attribute

Example 2

You are hereby invited to my birthday party.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 invited	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 invited	aux:pass
3	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	4 invited	advmod
4	invited	invite	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 party	case
6	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 party	nmod:poss
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 party	compound
8	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invited	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 invited	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invite	present · passive		You				to my birthday party; hereby property	vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient

Example 3

We hereby agree to share the toys fairly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 agree	nsubj
2	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	3 agree	advmod
3	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 share	mark
5	share	share	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 agree	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 toys	det
7	toys	toy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 share	obj
8	fairly	fairly	ADV	_	5 share	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 agree	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	We					hereby property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	share not said to happen	to-infinitive	We not said here	the toys				fairly property	tree rules

Example 4

«I hereby name this ship Explorer,» said the queen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 name	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 name	nsubj
3	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	4 name	advmod
4	name	name	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 said	ccomp
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 ship	det
6	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 name	obj
7	Explorer	Explorer	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 ship	appos
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 name	punct
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 said	punct
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 queen	det
12	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 said	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	name in a quote	present	the queen = queen	this ship				hereby property	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme
2	say speech: assert	past	the queen						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Example 5

The certificate says: «This hereby certifies that Sam can swim twenty-five metres.»

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 certificate	det
2	certificate	certificate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 certifies	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 certifies	punct
6	This	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 certifies	nsubj
7	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	8 certifies	advmod
8	certifies	certify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 swim	mark
10	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 swim	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 swim	aux
12	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 certifies	csubj
13	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 five	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 twenty	punct
15	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 metres	nummod
16	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 swim	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the certificate			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	certify in a quote	present	This		hereby property	vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	swim in a quote	can	Sam	five metres		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory

Example 6

I hereby promise to tidy my room every Saturday. (playful)

Sentence 1: I hereby promise to tidy my room every Saturday.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 promise	nsubj
2	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	3 promise	advmod
3	promise	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 tidy	mark
5	tidy	tidy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 promise	xcomp
6	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 room	nmod:poss
7	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tidy	obj
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 Saturday	det
9	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 tidy	obl:unmarked
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 promise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	promise speech: promise	present	I					hereby property	vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	tidy not said to happen	to-infinitive	I not said here	my room			saturday		tree rules

Sentence 2: (playful)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 playful	punct
2	playful	playful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 playful	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 7

In the latter case, though not unconscious that there may be taller men among you, I hereby offer myself for that enviable duty.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 case	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 case	det
3	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 case	amod
4	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 unconscious	punct
6	though	though	SCONJ	_	8 unconscious	mark
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 unconscious	advmod
8	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 case	appos
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 be	mark
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	12 be	expl
11	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 be	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 unconscious	advcl
13	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 men	amod
14	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 be	nsubj
15	among	among	ADP	_	16 you	case
16	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 be	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 offer	punct
18	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 offer	nsubj
19	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	20 offer	advmod
20	offer	offer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 unconscious	parataxis
21	myself	myself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	20 offer	obj
22	for	for	ADP	_	25 duty	case
23	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	25 duty	det
24	enviable	enviable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 duty	amod
25	duty	duty	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 offer	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 case	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	offer	present	I	myself				for that enviable duty goal; hereby property	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent myself=Theme for duty=Goal

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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