hewn

Who acts: you, cottage, Miners, carpenters · What happens: cut, chop, pick, shape, hewn out, have · To what, where: other sharp tool, steps, solid rock, rough hewn wooden table, Stone, nearby quarry

«hewn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hewn in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Cut or chopped with an axe, pick or other sharp tool, especially wood or stone.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 chopped	cc
3	chopped	chop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Cut	conj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 axe	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 axe	det
6	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chopped	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 pick	punct
8	pick	pick	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Cut	parataxis
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 tool	cc
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 tool	amod
11	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 tool	amod
12	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pick	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 wood	punct
14	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 wood	advmod
15	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tool	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 stone	cc
17	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wood	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cut	imperative	you not said here			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	chop	participle	you not said here		with a axe	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with axe=Instrument
3	pick	infinitive		other sharp tool and wood or stone		vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

Shaped roughly by cutting, as in «rough-hewn».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	roughly	roughly	ADV	_	1 Shaped	advmod
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 cutting	mark
4	cutting	cut	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Shaped	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hewn	punct
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 hewn	mark
7	in	in	ADP	_	11 hewn	case
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 hewn	punct
9	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hewn	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 rough	punct
11	hewn	hewn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cutting	parataxis
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 hewn	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Shaped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shape	participle						roughly property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	cut	gerund							tree rules

Example 1

The steps were hewn out of solid rock.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 steps	det
2	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hewn	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 hewn	aux:pass
4	hewn	hewn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	8 rock	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 rock	case
7	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rock	amod
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hewn	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hewn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hewn out	past · passive		the steps		solid rock			tree rules

Example 2

The cottage had a rough-hewn wooden table.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cottage	det
2	cottage	cottage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 table	det
5	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 table	amod
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 rough	punct
7	hewn	hewn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 table	amod
8	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 table	amod
9	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the cottage	a rough hewn wooden table					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Patient

Example 3

Stone for the cathedral was hewn from a nearby quarry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hewn	nsubj:pass
2	for	for	ADP	_	4 cathedral	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cathedral	det
4	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Stone	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hewn	aux:pass
6	hewn	hewn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	10 quarry	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 quarry	det
9	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 quarry	amod
10	quarry	quarry	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hewn	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hewn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hewn	past · passive		Stone for the cathedral		a nearby quarry			tree rules

Example 4

Miners hewed coal deep underground.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Miners	miner	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hewed	nsubj
2	hewed	hew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hewed	obj
4	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 coal	amod
5	underground	underground	ADV	_	2 hewed	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hewed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hew	past	Miners	coal				underground property	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coal=Patient

Example 5

The ancient tomb was hewn into the cliff.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tomb	det
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tomb	amod
3	tomb	tomb	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hewn	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 hewn	aux:pass
5	hewn	hewn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 cliff	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cliff	det
8	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hewn	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 hewn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hewn	past · passive		the ancient tomb		the cliff			tree rules

Example 6

The beams were hand-hewn by carpenters long ago.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 beams	det
2	beams	beam	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hewn	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hewn	aux:pass
4	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hewn	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 hand	punct
6	hewn	hewn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 carpenters	case
8	carpenters	carpenter	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hewn	obl
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 ago	advmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	6 hewn	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hewn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hewn	past · passive	carpenters	the beams				ago property	tree rules

Example 7

The churches there are almost entirely built of hewn blocks of stone, each like a piece of rock.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 churches	det
2	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 built	nsubj:pass
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 churches	expl
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 built	aux:pass
5	almost	almost	ADV	_	6 entirely	advmod
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	7 built	advmod
7	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 blocks	case
9	hewn	hewn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 blocks	amod
10	blocks	block	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 built	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 stone	case
12	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blocks	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 each	punct
14	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 blocks	appos
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 piece	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 piece	det
17	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 each	nmod
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 rock	case
19	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 piece	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present · passive		the churches				of hewn blocks of stone; entirely property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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