hill Who acts: hill, They, It, We, Jack, castle · What happens: be, slope, ride, climb, take, go down · To what, where: high ground, slope, road, bike, hill, trip · Speech: someone speaks here
«hill» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hill in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hill is high ground, lower than a mountain, with sloping sides.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop amod punct amod case det obl punct case amod conj punct root A DET hill NOUN is AUX high ADJ ground NOUN , PUNCT lower ADJ than ADP a DET mountain NOUN , PUNCT with ADP sloping VERB sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hill det 2 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 ground nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 ground cop 4 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ground amod 5 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 lower punct 7 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 ground amod 8 than than ADP _ 10 mountain case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 mountain det 10 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 7 lower obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 sides punct 12 with with ADP _ 14 sides case 13 sloping slope VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 sides amod 14 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 5 ground conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hill high ground and sloping sides tree rules 2 slope gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A hill is also a slope on a road or path: «ride your bike up the hill».
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop advmod det case det nmod cc conj punct punct parataxis nmod:poss obj case det obl punct punct root A DET hill NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET slope NOUN on ADP a DET road NOUN or CCONJ path NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT ride VERB your PRON bike NOUN up ADP the DET hill NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hill det 2 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 slope nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 slope cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 slope advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 slope det 6 slope slope NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 road case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 road det 9 road road NOUN Number=Sing 6 slope nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 path cc 11 path path NOUN Number=Sing 9 road conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 ride punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 ride punct 14 ride ride VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 slope parataxis 15 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 bike nmod:poss 16 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 14 ride obj 17 up up ADP _ 19 hill case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 hill det 19 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 14 ride obl 20 » » PUNCT _ 14 ride punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 slope punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hill a slope a road or path tree rules 2 ride in a quote infinitive your bike the hill vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bike=Theme up hill=Trajectory
Example 1 The hill is 200 m high.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET hill NOUN is AUX 200 NUM m NOUN high ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hill det 2 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 high nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 high cop 4 200 200 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 m nummod 5 m m NOUN Number=Plur 6 high obl:unmarked 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 high punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the hill 200 m obl:unmarked ; high property tree rules
Example 2 They climb the hill in 30 minutes.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root They PRON climb VERB the DET hill NOUN in ADP 30 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 climb nsubj 2 climb climb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 hill det 4 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 2 climb obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 climb obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 climb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb present They the hill minute vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location hill=Theme
Example 3 It takes 10 minutes to go down the hill.
nsubj nummod obj mark advcl case det obl punct root It PRON takes VERB 10 NUM minutes NOUN to PART go VERB down ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 takes nsubj 2 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 minutes nummod 4 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 takes obj 5 to to PART _ 6 go mark 6 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 takes advcl 7 down down ADP _ 9 hill case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 hill det 9 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 go obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present It minute vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 go down to-infinitive the hill vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent
Example 4 How long was the trip up and down?
advmod advmod cop det advmod cc conj punct root How ADV long ADV was AUX the DET trip NOUN up ADV and CCONJ down ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 long advmod 2 long long ADV Degree=Pos 5 trip advmod 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 trip cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trip det 5 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 up up ADV _ 5 trip advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 down cc 8 down down ADV _ 6 up conj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 trip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the trip long property tree rules
Example 5 We went sledging down the hill after the snow.
nsubj xcomp case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON went VERB sledging VERB down ADP the DET hill NOUN after ADP the DET snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sledging sledge VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 down down ADP _ 6 hill case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hill det 6 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 sledging obl 7 after after ADP _ 9 snow case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 snow det 9 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 sledging obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 sledge gerund We not said here the hill after the snow vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP.theme V PP.location»: agent=Theme down hill=Trajectory
Example 6 Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.
nsubj cc conj case det obl mark advcl det obj case nmod punct root Jack PROPN and CCONJ Jill PROPN went VERB up ADP the DET hill NOUN to PART fetch VERB a DET pail NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Jill cc 3 Jill Jill PROPN Number=Sing 1 Jack conj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADP _ 7 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 4 went obl 8 to to PART _ 9 fetch mark 9 fetch fetch VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 went advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pail det 11 pail pail NOUN Number=Sing 9 fetch obj 12 of of ADP _ 13 water case 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 11 pail nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up past Jack and Jill the hill vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent 2 fetch to-infinitive Jack and Jill not said here a pail of water vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pail=Theme
Example 7 The castle stands on top of a hill.
det nsubj case obl case det nmod punct root The DET castle NOUN stands VERB on ADP top NOUN of ADP a DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 stands nsubj 3 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 top case 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 stands obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 hill case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 top nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 stands punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand present the castle top of a hill vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location
Example 8 Cycling uphill is harder than cycling downhill.
compound nsubj cop mark advcl advmod punct root Cycling NOUN uphill NOUN is AUX harder ADJ than SCONJ cycling VERB downhill ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cycling cycling NOUN Number=Sing 2 uphill compound 2 uphill uphill NOUN Number=Sing 4 harder nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 harder cop 4 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than SCONJ _ 6 cycling mark 6 cycling cycle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 harder advcl 7 downhill downhill ADV _ 6 cycling advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 harder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Cycling uphill hard property tree rules 2 cycle gerund Cycling uphill not said here downhill property vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 From the hill we could see the whole town.
case det obl nsubj aux det amod obj punct root From ADP the DET hill NOUN we PRON could AUX see VERB the DET whole ADJ town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 3 hill case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hill det 3 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 see obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 see nsubj 5 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 see aux 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 town det 8 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 9 town amod 9 town town NOUN Number=Sing 6 see obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could we the whole town the hill vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer town=Stimulus
Example 10 Must I go up hill or down?
aux nsubj compound:prt obl cc conj punct root Must AUX I PRON go VERB up ADP hill NOUN or CCONJ down ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 go aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 go nsubj 3 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 go compound:prt 5 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 go obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 down cc 7 down down ADV _ 5 hill conj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up must I hill vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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