historian Who acts: historian, person, pupils, history, Historians, local historian · What happens: be, study, write, use, do, ask · To what, where: person, history, evidence, anyone, work, questions
«historian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: historian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A historian is a person who studies history and writes about the past, using evidence such as documents, objects and buildings.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj case det obl punct advcl obj case fixed nmod punct conj cc conj punct root A DET historian NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON studies VERB history NOUN and CCONJ writes VERB about ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT using VERB evidence NOUN such ADJ as ADP documents NOUN , PUNCT objects NOUN and CCONJ buildings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 historian det 2 historian historian NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 studies nsubj 7 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 history history NOUN Number=Sing 7 studies obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 writes cc 10 writes write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 studies conj 11 about about ADP _ 13 past case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 past det 13 past past NOUN Number=Sing 10 writes obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 using punct 15 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 studies advcl 16 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 15 using obj 17 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 19 documents case 18 as as ADP _ 17 such fixed 19 documents document NOUN Number=Plur 16 evidence nmod 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 objects punct 21 objects object NOUN Number=Plur 19 documents conj 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 buildings cc 23 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 19 documents conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a historian a person tree rules 2 study present a person history vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Topic 3 write present a person not said here about the past vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about past=Topic 4 use gerund a person not said here evidence such documents and objects and buildings vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: school — kept apart, not parsed.
A historian is anyone who does the work of history, like pupils asking questions about the past and checking sources.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl det obj case nmod punct case conj acl obj case det nmod cc conj obj punct root A DET historian NOUN is AUX anyone PRON who PRON does VERB the DET work NOUN of ADP history NOUN , PUNCT like ADP pupils NOUN asking VERB questions NOUN about ADP the DET past NOUN and CCONJ checking VERB sources NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 historian det 2 historian historian NOUN Number=Sing 4 anyone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 anyone cop 4 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 does nsubj 6 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 anyone acl:relcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 work det 8 work work NOUN Number=Sing 6 does obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 history case 10 history history NOUN Number=Sing 8 work nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 pupils punct 12 like like ADP _ 13 pupils case 13 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 8 work conj 14 asking ask VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 pupils acl 15 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 14 asking obj 16 about about ADP _ 18 past case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 past det 18 past past NOUN Number=Sing 15 questions nmod 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 checking cc 20 checking check VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 asking conj 21 sources source NOUN Number=Plur 20 checking obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 anyone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a historian anyone tree rules 2 do present the work of history and pupils vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality 3 ask speech: ask gerund pupils not said here questions about the past vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent question=Recipient about past=Topic 4 check gerund pupils not said here sources vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent source=Theme 5 work history nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent
Example 1 Historians study letters and diaries to learn about the past.
nsubj obj cc conj mark advcl case det obl punct root Historians NOUN study VERB letters NOUN and CCONJ diaries NOUN to PART learn VERB about ADP the DET past NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Historians historian NOUN Number=Plur 2 study nsubj 2 study study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 2 study obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 diaries cc 5 diaries diary NOUN Number=Plur 3 letters conj 6 to to PART _ 7 learn mark 7 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 study advcl 8 about about ADP _ 10 past case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 past det 10 past past NOUN Number=Sing 7 learn obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present Historians letters and diaries vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic 2 learn to-infinitive Historians not said here about the past vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about past=Topic
Example 2 A local historian showed us old photos of our town.
det amod nsubj iobj amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root A DET local ADJ historian NOUN showed VERB us PRON old ADJ photos NOUN of ADP our PRON town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 historian det 2 local local ADJ Degree=Pos 3 historian amod 3 historian historian NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 showed iobj 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 photos amod 7 photos photo NOUN Number=Plur 4 showed obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 town case 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 town nmod:poss 10 town town NOUN Number=Sing 7 photos nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past a local historian old photos of our town us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient photo=Topic
Example 3 Historians disagree about why the war began.
nsubj mark advmod det nsubj advcl punct root Historians NOUN disagree VERB about SCONJ why ADV the DET war NOUN began VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Historians historian NOUN Number=Plur 2 disagree nsubj 2 disagree disagree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about SCONJ _ 7 began mark 4 why why ADV PronType=Int 7 began advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 war det 6 war war NOUN Number=Sing 7 began nsubj 7 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 disagree advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 disagree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disagree present Historians vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 begin past the war vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 Today we are historians, looking at clues from Roman Britain.
nsubj nsubj cop punct acl case obl case compound nmod punct root Today NOUN we PRON are AUX historians NOUN , PUNCT looking VERB at ADP clues NOUN from ADP Roman PROPN Britain PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 historians nsubj 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 historians nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 historians cop 4 historians historian NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 looking punct 6 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 historians acl 7 at at ADP _ 8 clues case 8 clues clue NOUN Number=Plur 6 looking obl 9 from from ADP _ 11 Britain case 10 Roman Roman PROPN Number=Sing 11 Britain compound 11 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 8 clues nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 historians punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Today historians tree rules 2 look gerund historians not said here at clues from Roman Britain vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at clue=Theme
Example 5 The historian wrote a book about the Victorian railways.
det nsubj det obj case det amod nmod punct root The DET historian NOUN wrote VERB a DET book NOUN about ADP the DET Victorian ADJ railways NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 historian det 2 historian historian NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 book det 5 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 6 about about ADP _ 9 railways case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 railways det 8 Victorian victorian ADJ Degree=Pos 9 railways amod 9 railways railway NOUN Number=Plur 5 book nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the historian a book about the Victorian railways vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about railway=Topic
Example 6 Historians use evidence, not guesses.
nsubj obj punct advmod conj punct root Historians NOUN use VERB evidence NOUN , PUNCT not PART guesses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Historians historian NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 guesses punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 guesses advmod 6 guesses guess NOUN Number=Plur 3 evidence conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Historians evidence and guesses vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient
Example 7 To what extent Hook is to blame for his tactics on this occasion is for the historian to decide.
The tree, 19 words case obl compound nsubj cop mark case nmod:poss obl case det obl cop case det parataxis mark acl punct root To ADP what PRON extent NOUN Hook NOUN is AUX to PART blame VERB for ADP his PRON tactics NOUN on ADP this DET occasion NOUN is AUX for ADP the DET historian NOUN to PART decide VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 2 what case 2 what what PRON PronType=Rel 7 blame obl 3 extent extent NOUN Number=Sing 4 Hook compound 4 Hook hook NOUN Number=Sing 7 blame nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 blame cop 6 to to PART _ 7 blame mark 7 blame blame VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 for for ADP _ 10 tactics case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 tactics nmod:poss 10 tactics tactic NOUN Number=Plur 7 blame obl 11 on on ADP _ 13 occasion case 12 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 13 occasion det 13 occasion occasion NOUN Number=Sing 17 historian obl 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 historian cop 15 for for ADP _ 17 historian case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 historian det 17 historian historian NOUN Number=Sing 7 blame parataxis 18 to to PART _ 19 decide mark 19 decide decide VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 historian acl 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 blame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present extent Hook for his tactics; blame property tree rules 2 is present this occasion for the historian tree rules 3 decide to-infinitive extent Hook not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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