hold Who acts: jar, meeting, hold, Mia, pack, many cards · What happens: hold, be, contain, hold on, store, buy · To what, where: hand, 10 sweets, place, party, grip, large space
«hold» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hold in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To hold is to have something in your hand or arms: hold my hand.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark obj case nmod:poss nmod cc conj punct parataxis nmod:poss obj punct root To PART hold VERB is AUX to PART have VERB something PRON in ADP your PRON hand NOUN or CCONJ arms NOUN : PUNCT hold VERB my PRON hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have cop 4 to to PART _ 5 have mark 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 have obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 hand case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hand nmod:poss 9 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 6 something nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 arms cc 11 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 9 hand conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 13 hold punct 13 hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 have parataxis 14 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 hand nmod:poss 15 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 13 hold obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present have property tree rules 3 hold infinitive my hand vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hold is to have room for, to contain: the jar holds 10 sweets.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark obj mark punct mark acl punct det nsubj conj nummod obj punct root To PART hold VERB is AUX to PART have VERB room NOUN for SCONJ , PUNCT to PART contain VERB : PUNCT the DET jar NOUN holds VERB 10 NUM sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have cop 4 to to PART _ 5 have mark 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 7 for for SCONJ _ 10 contain mark 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 contain punct 9 to to PART _ 10 contain mark 10 contain contain VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 room acl 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 holds punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 jar det 13 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 14 holds nsubj 14 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have conj 15 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 sweets nummod 16 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 14 holds obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present have property tree rules 3 contain to-infinitive vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 4 hold present the jar 10 sweets vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme
Meaning 3 To hold is to keep in a place or state: hold still, hold on.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark case det obl cc conj punct conj advmod punct conj compound:prt punct root To PART hold VERB is AUX to PART keep VERB in ADP a DET place NOUN or CCONJ state NOUN : PUNCT hold VERB still ADV , PUNCT hold VERB on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep cop 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 place case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 keep obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 state cc 10 state state NOUN Number=Sing 8 place conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 hold punct 12 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep conj 13 still still ADV _ 12 hold advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 hold punct 15 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 hold conj 16 on on ADP _ 15 hold compound:prt 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present a place or state keep property tree rules 3 hold infinitive still vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 hold on infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 To hold a party or a meeting is to have it.
mark det obj cc det nsubj cop mark conj obj punct root To PART hold VERB a DET party NOUN or CCONJ a DET meeting NOUN is AUX to PART have VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 party det 4 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 hold obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 10 have cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 meeting det 7 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing 10 have nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 have cop 9 to to PART _ 10 have mark 10 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 hold conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 have obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold to-infinitive a party vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme 2 is present a meeting have property tree rules
Meaning 5 A hold is a grip.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET hold NOUN is AUX a DET grip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hold det 2 hold hold NOUN Number=Sing 5 grip nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 grip cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 grip det 5 grip grip NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 grip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hold a grip tree rules
Meaning 6 The hold is the large space deep inside a ship where cargo is stored.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod advmod case det nmod advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl punct root The DET hold NOUN is AUX the DET large ADJ space NOUN deep ADV inside ADP a DET ship NOUN where ADV cargo NOUN is AUX stored VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hold det 2 hold hold NOUN Number=Sing 6 space nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 space cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 space det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 space amod 6 space space NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 deep deep ADV _ 6 space advmod 8 inside inside ADP _ 10 ship case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ship det 10 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 6 space nmod 11 where where ADV PronType=Rel 14 stored advmod 12 cargo cargo NOUN Number=Sing 14 stored nsubj:pass 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 stored aux:pass 14 stored store VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 ship acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 space punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the hold the large space a ship deep property tree rules 2 store present · passive cargo vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 1 Mia buys 8 packs of cards. A pack holds 3 cards. How many cards does Mia buy?
Sentence 1: Mia buys 8 packs of cards.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root Mia PROPN buys VERB 8 NUM packs NOUN of ADP cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 buys nsubj 2 buys buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 packs nummod 4 packs pack NOUN Number=Plur 2 buys obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 cards case 6 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 4 packs nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 buys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present Mia 8 packs of cards vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pack=Theme
Sentence 2: A pack holds 3 cards.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET pack NOUN holds VERB 3 NUM cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pack det 2 pack pack NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cards nummod 5 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a pack 3 cards vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme
Sentence 3: How many cards does Mia buy?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ cards NOUN does AUX Mia PROPN buy VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cards amod 3 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 6 buy nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 buy aux 5 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 6 buy nsubj 6 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 buy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present · do-support many cards vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Example 2 A jar holds 10 sweets.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET jar NOUN holds VERB 10 NUM sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sweets nummod 5 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a jar 10 sweets vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme
Example 3 Each tray holds 6 cupcakes. How many trays are needed for 24 cupcakes?
Sentence 1: Each tray holds 6 cupcakes.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET tray NOUN holds VERB 6 NUM cupcakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 tray det 2 tray tray NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cupcakes nummod 5 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each tray 6 cupcakes vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme
Sentence 2: How many trays are needed for 24 cupcakes?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod obl punct root How ADV many ADJ trays NOUN are AUX needed VERB for ADP 24 NUM cupcakes NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 trays amod 3 trays tray NOUN Number=Plur 5 needed nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 needed aux:pass 5 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 cupcakes case 7 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 cupcakes nummod 8 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 5 needed obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present · passive many trays for 24 cupcakes vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
Example 4 Hold my hand when we cross the road.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root Hold VERB my PRON hand NOUN when ADV we PRON cross VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hand nmod:poss 3 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 cross advmod 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 cross nsubj 6 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Hold advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 road det 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 6 cross obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here my hand vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 cross present we the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Example 5 Can you hold the baby for a minute?
aux nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Can AUX you PRON hold VERB the DET baby NOUN for ADP a DET minute NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 hold aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 hold nsubj 3 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 baby det 5 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 hold obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 minute case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 minute det 8 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 3 hold obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold can you the baby minute vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme
Example 6 Hold on, I'm coming!
compound:prt punct nsubj aux parataxis punct root Hold VERB on ADP , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX coming VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADP _ 1 Hold compound:prt 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 coming punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 coming nsubj 5 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 coming aux 6 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Hold parataxis 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold on imperative you not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 come present · progressive I vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The school will hold a concert in the hall.
det nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root The DET school NOUN will AUX hold VERB a DET concert NOUN in ADP the DET hall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 concert det 6 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 hall case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 hall det 9 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold future the school a concert the hall vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent concert=Theme in hall=Location
Example 8 This bottle holds one litre of water.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root This DET bottle NOUN holds VERB one NUM litre NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 bottle det 2 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 litre nummod 5 litre litre NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 litre nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present this bottle one litre of water vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme
Example 9 There was powder in the hold.
expl nsubj case det obl punct root There PRON was VERB powder NOUN in ADP the DET hold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 hold case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hold det 6 hold hold NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past powder the hold; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hold=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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