horse Who acts: horse, people, you, toy horse, farm, many legs · What happens: be, ride, use, pull, vault, jump over · To what, where: big strong animal, that, carts, piece, gym equipment, toy horse · Speech: someone speaks here
«horse» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: horse in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A horse is a big strong animal with four legs, hooves, a mane and a long tail, that people ride or use to pull carts.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case nummod nmod punct conj punct det conj cc det amod conj punct obj nsubj parataxis cc conj mark advcl obj punct root A DET horse NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ strong ADJ animal NOUN with ADP four NUM legs NOUN , PUNCT hooves NOUN , PUNCT a DET mane NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ tail NOUN , PUNCT that PRON people NOUN ride VERB or CCONJ use VERB to PART pull VERB carts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 legs case 9 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 legs nummod 10 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 7 animal nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 hooves punct 12 hooves hoove NOUN Number=Plur 10 legs conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 mane punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 mane det 15 mane mane NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 tail cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 tail det 18 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 19 tail amod 19 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 15 mane conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 ride punct 21 that that PRON PronType=Rel 23 ride obj 22 people people NOUN Number=Plur 23 ride nsubj 23 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 mane parataxis 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 use cc 25 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 ride conj 26 to to PART _ 27 pull mark 27 pull pull VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 use advcl 28 carts cart NOUN Number=Plur 27 pull obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a horse a big strong animal and a mane and a long tail with four legs and hooves tree rules 2 ride present people that vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme 3 use present people not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 pull to-infinitive people not said here carts vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A horse (a vaulting horse) is a piece of gym equipment you jump over.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj punct det amod appos punct cop det case compound nmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root A DET horse NOUN ( PUNCT a DET vaulting VERB horse NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP gym NOUN equipment NOUN you PRON jump VERB over ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 10 piece nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 horse punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 horse det 5 vaulting vault VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 horse amod 6 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 2 horse appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 horse punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 piece cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 piece det 10 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 13 equipment case 12 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 13 equipment compound 13 equipment equipment NOUN Number=Sing 10 piece nmod 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 jump nsubj 15 jump jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 equipment acl:relcl 16 over over ADV _ 15 jump advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 vault gerund vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a horse a piece of gym equipment tree rules 3 jump over present you gym equipment not said here over property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme equipment=Trajectory
Meaning 3 A toy horse, like a rocking horse or a hobby horse, is made for children to play on.
The tree, 18 words det compound nsubj:pass punct case det compound appos cc det compound conj punct aux:pass case obl mark xcomp compound:prt punct root A DET toy NOUN horse NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET rocking NOUN horse NOUN or CCONJ a DET hobby NOUN horse NOUN , PUNCT is AUX made VERB for ADP children NOUN to PART play VERB on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 horse det 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 3 horse compound 3 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 15 made nsubj:pass 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 horse punct 5 like like ADP _ 8 horse case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 horse det 7 rocking rocking NOUN Number=Sing 8 horse compound 8 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 horse appos 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 horse cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 horse det 11 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 12 horse compound 12 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 8 horse conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 3 horse punct 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 made aux:pass 15 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 16 for for ADP _ 17 children case 17 children child NOUN Number=Plur 15 made obl 18 to to PART _ 19 play mark 19 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 made xcomp 20 on on ADP _ 19 play compound:prt 21 . . PUNCT _ 15 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive a toy horse for children tree rules 2 play on to-infinitive a toy horse not said here vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The farm has 6 horses.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET farm NOUN has VERB 6 NUM horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farm det 2 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 horses nummod 5 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the farm 6 horses vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient
Example 2 Each horse eats 10 kg of hay a day.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root Each DET horse NOUN eats VERB 10 NUM kg NOUN of ADP hay NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats nsubj 3 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 eats obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 hay case 7 hay hay NOUN Number=Sing 5 kg nmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 eats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present each horse 10 kg of hay day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kg=Patient
Example 3 How many legs do the horses have?
advmod amod nsubj det nsubj ccomp punct root How ADV many ADJ legs NOUN do VERB the DET horses NOUN have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 legs amod 3 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 do nsubj 4 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 horses det 6 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 do ccomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present many legs tree rules 2 have present the horses vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 A horse ride costs 5 dollars.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET horse NOUN ride NOUN costs VERB 5 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ride det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 ride compound 3 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 4 costs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a horse ride 5 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 5 She has riding lessons on a brown horse.
nsubj xcomp obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON has VERB riding VERB lessons NOUN on ADP a DET brown ADJ horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 riding ride VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 has xcomp 4 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 3 riding obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 horse case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 horse det 7 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 8 horse amod 8 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 riding obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She tree rules 2 ride gerund She not said here lessons on a brown horse vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Theme
Example 6 The horse pulled the cart up the hill.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET horse NOUN pulled VERB the DET cart NOUN up ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled nsubj 3 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cart det 5 cart cart NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obj 6 up up ADP _ 8 hill case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull past the horse the cart up the hill vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme
Example 7 A baby horse is called a foal.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN horse NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET foal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 horse det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 horse compound 3 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 foal det 7 foal foal NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby horse vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 8 The knight rode his white horse to the castle.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN rode VERB his PRON white ADJ horse NOUN to ADP the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 horse nmod:poss 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 horse amod 6 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 castle case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 castle det 9 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the knight knight's white horse the castle vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to castle=Trajectory
Example 9 In gym class we jumped over the horse.
case compound obl nsubj case det obl punct root In ADP gym NOUN class NOUN we PRON jumped VERB over ADP the DET horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 class case 2 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 3 class compound 3 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 jumped obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 jumped nsubj 5 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 over over ADP _ 8 horse case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 horse det 8 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 jumped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past we gym class over the horse vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in class=Trajectory
Example 10 «Hold your horses!» said Dad, meaning «wait a moment».
The tree, 9 words punct ccomp nmod:poss obj punct punct nsubj punct advcl punct ccomp det obj punct punct root « PUNCT Hold VERB your PRON horses NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Dad PROPN , PUNCT meaning VERB « PUNCT wait VERB a DET moment NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Hold punct 2 Hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 said ccomp 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 horses nmod:poss 4 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 2 Hold obj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Hold punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hold punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 7 said nsubj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 meaning punct 10 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 said advcl 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 wait punct 12 wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 meaning ccomp 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 moment det 14 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 12 wait obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 wait punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold in a quote infinitive your horses vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme 2 say speech: express past Dad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 mean gerund Dad not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 wait in a quote infinitive moment vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 11 The king leaped from his horse.
det acl case nmod:poss obl:agent punct root The DET king NOUN leaped VERB from ADP his PRON horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 leaped leap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 king acl 4 from from ADP _ 6 horse case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 horse nmod:poss 6 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 leaped obl:agent 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 king punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leap participle the king not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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