horsefly Who acts: horsefly, females, bite, Its, female horseflies, horse · What happens: be, bite, drink, swell, itch, hurt · To what, where: large fly, people, blood, me, tail, horseflies
«horsefly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: horsefly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A horsefly is a large fly whose females bite people and animals and drink their blood.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod nmod:poss nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root A DET horsefly NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ fly NOUN whose PRON females NOUN bite VERB people NOUN and CCONJ animals NOUN and CCONJ drink VERB their PRON blood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 horsefly det 2 horsefly horsefly NOUN Number=Sing 6 fly nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fly cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fly det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fly amod 6 fly fly NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 8 females nmod:poss 8 females female NOUN Number=Plur 9 bite nsubj 9 bite bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fly acl:relcl 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 bite obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 animals cc 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 10 people conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 drink cc 14 drink drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 bite conj 15 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 blood nmod:poss 16 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 14 drink obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a horsefly a large fly tree rules 2 bite present females people and animals vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 3 drink present females not said here females's blood vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Its bite is painful and can swell and itch.
nmod:poss nsubj cop cc aux conj cc conj punct root Its PRON bite NOUN is AUX painful ADJ and CCONJ can AUX swell VERB and CCONJ itch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 bite nmod:poss 2 bite bite NOUN Number=Sing 4 painful nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 painful cop 4 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 swell cc 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 swell aux 7 swell swell VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 painful conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 itch cc 9 itch itch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 swell conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 painful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Its bite painful property tree rules 2 swell can Its bite not said here vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 3 itch infinitive Its bite not said here vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 bite Its = it nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 A horsefly bit me by the river.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root A DET horsefly NOUN bit VERB me PRON by ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 horsefly det 2 horsefly horsefly NOUN Number=Sing 3 bit nsubj 3 bit bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 bit obj 5 by by ADP _ 7 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 bit obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 bit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bite past a horsefly me by the river vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Patient by river=Location
Example 2 Horsefly bites really hurt.
nsubj advmod xcomp punct root Horsefly NOUN bites VERB really ADV hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horsefly horsefly NOUN Number=Sing 2 bites nsubj 2 bites bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 really really ADV _ 4 hurt advmod 4 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bites xcomp 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 bites punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bite present Horsefly tree rules 2 hurt participle Horsefly not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Only female horseflies bite.
advmod amod nsubj punct root Only ADV female ADJ horseflies NOUN bite VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 3 horseflies advmod 2 female female ADJ Degree=Pos 3 horseflies amod 3 horseflies horsefly NOUN Number=Plur 4 bite nsubj 4 bite bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 bite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bite present female horseflies vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The horse swished its tail to keep the horseflies away.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root The DET horse NOUN swished VERB its PRON tail NOUN to PART keep VERB the DET horseflies NOUN away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 swished nsubj 3 swished swish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 tail nmod:poss 5 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 3 swished obj 6 to to PART _ 7 keep mark 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 swished advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 horseflies det 9 horseflies horsefly NOUN Number=Plur 7 keep obj 10 away away ADV _ 7 keep advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 swished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swish past the horse horse's tail vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tail=Theme 2 keep away to-infinitive the horse not said here the horseflies away property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horsefly=Theme
Example 5 Horseflies have huge, colourful eyes.
nsubj amod punct amod obj punct root Horseflies NOUN have VERB huge ADJ , PUNCT colourful ADJ eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horseflies horsefly NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 6 eyes amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 huge punct 5 colourful colourful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 eyes amod 6 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Horseflies huge colourful eyes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient
Example 6 Put a cold cloth on a horsefly bite.
det amod obj case det compound obl punct root Put VERB a DET cold ADJ cloth NOUN on ADP a DET horsefly NOUN bite NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cloth det 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cloth amod 4 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 bite case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bite det 7 horsefly horsefly NOUN Number=Sing 8 bite compound 8 bite bite NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here a cold cloth a horsefly bite vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme on bite=Destination
Example 7 We saw a big horsefly buzzing round the picnic.
nsubj det amod obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET big ADJ horsefly NOUN buzzing VERB round ADP the DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 horsefly det 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 horsefly amod 5 horsefly horsefly NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 buzzing buzz VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 horsefly acl 7 round round ADP _ 9 picnic case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 picnic det 9 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 6 buzzing obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a big horsefly vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horsefly=Stimulus 2 buzz gerund a big horsefly not said here round the picnic vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Horseflies like warm, damp summer days.
case amod punct amod compound nmod punct root Horseflies NOUN like ADP warm ADJ , PUNCT damp ADJ summer NOUN days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horseflies horsefly NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 like like ADP _ 7 days case 3 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 days amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 warm punct 5 damp damp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 days amod 6 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 7 days compound 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 1 Horseflies nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Horseflies punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 As he lay there unable to move, a swarm of horseflies settled on him and sucked his blood undisturbed, for he was too weak even to shake them off.
The tree, 29 words mark nsubj advmod xcomp mark xcomp punct det obl case nmod acl case obl cc conj nmod:poss obj xcomp punct mark nsubj cop advmod conj advmod mark advcl obj compound:prt punct root As SCONJ he PRON lay VERB there ADV unable ADJ to PART move VERB , PUNCT a DET swarm NOUN of ADP horseflies NOUN settled VERB on ADP him PRON and CCONJ sucked VERB his PRON blood NOUN undisturbed ADJ , PUNCT for SCONJ he PRON was AUX too ADV weak ADJ even ADV to PART shake VERB them PRON off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as SCONJ _ 3 lay mark 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lay nsubj 3 lay lie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 3 lay advmod 5 unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lay xcomp 6 to to PART _ 7 move mark 7 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 unable xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 swarm punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 swarm det 10 swarm swarm NOUN Number=Sing 3 lay obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 horseflies case 12 horseflies horsefly NOUN Number=Plur 10 swarm nmod 13 settled settle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 horseflies acl 14 on on ADP _ 15 him case 15 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 settled obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 sucked cc 17 sucked suck VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lay conj 18 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 blood nmod:poss 19 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 17 sucked obj 20 undisturbed undisturbed ADJ Degree=Pos 17 sucked xcomp 21 , , PUNCT _ 26 weak punct 22 for for SCONJ _ 26 weak mark 23 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 weak nsubj 24 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 26 weak cop 25 too too ADV _ 26 weak advmod 26 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 20 undisturbed conj 27 even even ADV _ 29 shake advmod 28 to to PART _ 29 shake mark 29 shake shake VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 weak advcl 30 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 shake obj 31 off off ADP _ 29 shake compound:prt 32 . . PUNCT _ 3 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past he a swarm of horseflies there unable property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 move to-infinitive he not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 settle participle horseflies not said here on him = he vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on he=Topic 4 suck past he not said here his blood undisturbed property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent blood=Theme 5 is past he weak property tree rules 6 shake off to-infinitive he not said here horseflies = horsefly vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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