hunting Who acts: Hunting, predators, Owls, Lions, groups, I · What happens: chase, kill, control, hunt, mean, look · To what, where: wild animals, numbers, prey, groups, prides, tigers · Speech: someone speaks here
«hunting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hunting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hunting is chasing and killing wild animals for food, sport or to control their numbers.
The tree, 15 words nsubj aux cc conj amod obj case obl punct conj cc mark conj nmod:poss obj punct root Hunting NOUN is AUX chasing VERB and CCONJ killing VERB wild ADJ animals NOUN for ADP food NOUN , PUNCT sport NOUN or CCONJ to PART control VERB their PRON numbers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing 3 chasing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 chasing aux 3 chasing chase VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 killing cc 5 killing kill VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 chasing conj 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animals amod 7 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 killing obj 8 for for ADP _ 9 food case 9 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 killing obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 sport punct 11 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 9 food conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 control cc 13 to to PART _ 14 control mark 14 control control VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 chasing conj 15 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 numbers nmod:poss 16 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 14 control obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 chasing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chase present · progressive Hunting vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 kill gerund Hunting not said here wild animals for food and sport vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme 3 control to-infinitive Hunting not said here food's numbers vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Hunting for something means looking hard for it.
csubj case obl xcomp advmod case obl punct root Hunting VERB for ADP something PRON means VERB looking VERB hard ADV for ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunting hunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means csubj 2 for for ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Hunting obl 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means xcomp 6 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 5 looking advmod 7 for for ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 looking obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt gerund for something vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for something=Theme 2 mean present Hunting vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 look not said to happen gerund Hunting not said here for it; hard property vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for it=Theme
Meaning 3 Hunting is how predators catch their prey.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Hunting NOUN is VERB how ADV predators NOUN catch VERB their PRON prey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 catch advmod 4 predators predator NOUN Number=Plur 5 catch nsubj 5 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 is advcl 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 prey nmod:poss 7 prey prey NOUN Number=Sing 5 catch obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present Hunting vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 catch present predators predators's prey vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme
Example 1 Owls go hunting at night.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Owls NOUN go VERB hunting VERB at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Owls owl NOUN Number=Plur 2 go nsubj 2 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hunting hunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 go xcomp 4 at at ADP _ 5 night case 5 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunting obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present Owls vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hunt gerund Owls not said here night vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Lions hunt in groups called prides.
nsubj case obl acl xcomp punct root Lions NOUN hunt VERB in ADP groups NOUN called VERB prides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 groups case 4 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt obl 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 groups acl 6 prides pride NOUN Number=Plur 5 called xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Lions groups vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location 2 call participle groups not said here prides vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 I was hunting for my lost sock all morning.
nsubj aux case nmod:poss amod obl det obl:unmarked punct root I PRON was AUX hunting VERB for ADP my PRON lost VERB sock NOUN all DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 hunting nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 hunting aux 3 hunting hunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 for for ADP _ 7 sock case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sock nmod:poss 6 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 sock amod 7 sock sock NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunting obl 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 9 morning det 9 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunting obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 hunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt past · progressive I morning for my lost sock vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for sock=Theme 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Early people survived by hunting and gathering.
amod nsubj mark advcl cc conj punct root Early ADJ people NOUN survived VERB by SCONJ hunting VERB and CCONJ gathering VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Early early ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 survived nsubj 3 survived survive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 hunting mark 5 hunting hunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 survived advcl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 gathering cc 7 gathering gather VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 hunting conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 survived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 survive past Early people vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hunt gerund Early people not said here vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 gather gerund Early people not said here vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Hunting tigers is against the law.
csubj obj cop case det punct root Hunting VERB tigers NOUN is AUX against ADP the DET law NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunting hunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 law csubj 2 tigers tiger NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hunting obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 law cop 4 against against ADP _ 6 law case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 law det 6 law law NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 law punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt gerund tigers vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tiger=Theme 2 is present Hunting against the law tree rules
Example 6 We went egg hunting at Easter.
nsubj compound obj case obl punct root We PRON went VERB egg NOUN hunting NOUN at ADP Easter PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 4 hunting compound 4 hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 Easter case 6 Easter Easter PROPN Number=Sing 2 went obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We egg hunting Easter vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hunting=Theme
Example 7 The cat is hunting a mouse in the garden.
det nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root The DET cat NOUN is AUX hunting VERB a DET mouse NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 hunting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hunting aux 4 hunting hunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mouse det 6 mouse mouse NOUN Number=Sing 4 hunting obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 garden case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 garden det 9 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 4 hunting obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present · progressive the cat a mouse the garden vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme in garden=Location
Example 8 My parents are house hunting.
nmod:poss nsubj cop compound punct root My PRON parents NOUN are AUX house NOUN hunting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 parents nmod:poss 2 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 5 hunting nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hunting cop 4 house house NOUN Number=Sing 5 hunting compound 5 hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 hunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My parents house hunting tree rules
Example 9 A BOY was hunting for locusts.
det nsubj aux case obl punct root A DET BOY PROPN was AUX hunting VERB for ADP locusts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 BOY det 2 BOY BOY PROPN Number=Sing 4 hunting nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 hunting aux 4 hunting hunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 locusts case 6 locusts locust NOUN Number=Plur 4 hunting obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 hunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt past · progressive a BOY for locusts vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for locust=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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