idiom Who acts: idiom, you, it, group, piece, Idioms · What happens: be, not guess, rain, speak, write, mean · To what, where: group, meaning, separate words, cats, special way, piece · Speech: someone speaks here
«idiom» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: idiom in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An idiom is a group of words with a meaning you cannot guess from the separate words, like «it's raining cats and dogs» (it is raining very hard).
The tree, 30 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod nsubj aux advmod acl case det amod obl punct mark punct nsubj aux parataxis obj cc conj punct punct nsubj aux parataxis advmod advmod punct punct root An DET idiom NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP words NOUN with ADP a DET meaning NOUN you PRON can AUX not PART guess VERB from ADP the DET separate ADJ words NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ « PUNCT it PRON 's AUX raining VERB cats NOUN and CCONJ dogs NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT it PRON is AUX raining VERB very ADV hard ADV ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 idiom det 2 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing 5 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 group cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 group det 5 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 words case 7 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 group nmod 8 with with ADP _ 10 meaning case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 meaning det 10 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 7 words nmod 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 guess nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 guess aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 guess advmod 14 guess guess VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 meaning acl 15 from from ADP _ 18 words case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 words det 17 separate separate ADJ Degree=Pos 18 words amod 18 words word NOUN Number=Plur 14 guess obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 24 raining punct 20 like like SCONJ _ 24 raining mark 21 « « PUNCT _ 24 raining punct 22 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 raining nsubj 23 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 raining aux 24 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 guess parataxis 25 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 24 raining obj 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 dogs cc 27 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 25 cats conj 28 » » PUNCT _ 25 cats punct 29 ( ( PUNCT _ 32 raining punct 30 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 32 raining nsubj 31 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 raining aux 32 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 raining parataxis 33 very very ADV _ 34 hard advmod 34 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 32 raining advmod 35 ) ) PUNCT _ 32 raining punct 36 . . PUNCT _ 5 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a idiom a group of words with a meaning tree rules 2 not guess can you a meaning not said here the separate words tree rules 3 rain in a quote present · progressive it cats and dogs tree rules 4 rain present · progressive it hard property vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An idiom can also be the special way a group of people speak or write.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det amod det nsubj case nmod acl:relcl cc conj punct root An DET idiom NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX the DET special ADJ way NOUN a DET group NOUN of ADP people NOUN speak VERB or CCONJ write VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 idiom det 2 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing 8 way nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 way aux 4 also also ADV _ 8 way advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 way cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 way det 7 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 8 way amod 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 group det 10 group group NOUN Number=Sing 13 speak nsubj 11 of of ADP _ 12 people case 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 group nmod 13 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 way acl:relcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 write cc 15 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 speak conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a idiom the special way tree rules 2 speak speech: other present a group of people the special way not said here tree rules 3 write present a group of people not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 «It's a piece of cake» is an idiom meaning it's easy.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj cop det nsubj case nmod punct cop det acl expl cop xcomp punct root « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP cake NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET idiom NOUN meaning VERB it PRON 's AUX easy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 piece punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 piece nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 11 idiom nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 cake case 7 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 piece punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 idiom cop 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 idiom det 11 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 meaning mean VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 idiom acl 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 easy expl 14 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 easy cop 15 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 12 meaning xcomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 11 idiom punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present It a piece of cake tree rules 2 is a present a piece a idiom tree rules 3 mean gerund a idiom not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is not said to happen present a idiom not said here easy property tree rules
Example 2 My Polish friend was puzzled by the idiom «raining cats and dogs».
The tree, 12 words nmod:poss amod nsubj aux:pass case det obl punct parataxis obj cc conj punct punct root My PRON Polish ADJ friend NOUN was AUX puzzled VERB by ADP the DET idiom NOUN « PUNCT raining VERB cats NOUN and CCONJ dogs NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 friend nmod:poss 2 Polish polish ADJ Degree=Pos 3 friend amod 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 puzzled nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 puzzled aux:pass 5 puzzled puzzle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 8 idiom case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 idiom det 8 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing 5 puzzled obl 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 raining punct 10 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 puzzled parataxis 11 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 10 raining obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 dogs cc 13 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 11 cats conj 14 » » PUNCT _ 10 raining punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 puzzled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puzzle past · passive the idiom My Polish friend tree rules 2 rain in a quote gerund cats and dogs tree rules
Example 3 Can you draw the literal meaning of the idiom «spill the beans»?
The tree, 12 words aux nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct parataxis det obj punct punct root Can AUX you PRON draw VERB the DET literal ADJ meaning NOUN of ADP the DET idiom NOUN « PUNCT spill VERB the DET beans NOUN » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 draw aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 draw nsubj 3 draw draw VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 meaning det 5 literal literal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 meaning amod 6 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 3 draw obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 idiom case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 idiom det 9 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing 6 meaning nmod 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 spill punct 11 spill spill VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 draw parataxis 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 beans det 13 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 11 spill obj 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 spill punct 15 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 draw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw can you the literal meaning of the idiom tree rules 2 spill in a quote infinitive the beans vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bean=Theme 3 mean the idiom nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 «Under the weather» is an idiom for feeling ill.
punct case det obl punct cop det mark acl xcomp punct root « PUNCT Under ADP the DET weather NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET idiom NOUN for SCONJ feeling VERB ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 8 idiom punct 2 Under under ADP _ 4 weather case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 weather det 4 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 8 idiom obl 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 weather punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 idiom cop 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 idiom det 8 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for SCONJ _ 10 feeling mark 10 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 idiom acl 11 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feeling xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 idiom punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a idiom the weather tree rules 2 feel gerund a idiom not said here ill property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Idioms are hard to translate into other languages.
nsubj cop mark xcomp case amod obl punct root Idioms NOUN are AUX hard ADJ to PART translate VERB into ADP other ADJ languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Idioms idiom NOUN Number=Plur 3 hard nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hard cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 translate mark 5 translate translate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hard xcomp 6 into into ADP _ 8 languages case 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 languages amod 8 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 5 translate obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Idioms hard property tree rules 2 translate to-infinitive Idioms not said here into other languages result vn turn-26.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into language=Result
Example 6 «Let the cat out of the bag» is an idiom about telling a secret.
The tree, 14 words punct csubj det obj case case det obl punct cop det mark acl det obj punct root « PUNCT Let VERB the DET cat NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET bag NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET idiom NOUN about SCONJ telling VERB a DET secret NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 2 Let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 idiom csubj 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cat det 4 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 2 Let obj 5 out out ADP _ 8 bag case 6 of of ADP _ 8 bag case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bag det 8 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 2 Let obl 9 » » PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 idiom cop 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 idiom det 12 idiom idiom NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 about about SCONJ _ 14 telling mark 14 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 idiom acl 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 secret det 16 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 14 telling obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 12 idiom punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote infinitive the cat the bag vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme 2 is a present a idiom tree rules 3 tell speech: assert gerund a secret a idiom not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent idiom=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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