imperfect Who acts: imperfect tense, past actions, I, vase, Nobody, we · What happens: have, describe, go on, happen, read, be · To what, where: faults, English, half price, it, people, imperfect tense · Speech: someone speaks here
«imperfect» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: imperfect in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Having faults or mistakes; not perfect.
csubj obj cc conj punct advmod punct root Having VERB faults NOUN or CCONJ mistakes NOUN ; PUNCT not PART perfect ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 perfect csubj 2 faults fault NOUN Number=Plur 1 Having obj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 mistakes cc 4 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 2 faults conj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 perfect punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 perfect advmod 7 perfect perfect ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 perfect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund faults or mistakes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fault=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
The imperfect tense describes past actions that were going on or happened often, as in French and Spanish, or «I was reading» in English.
The tree, 24 words det amod nsubj amod nsubj nsubj aux ccomp compound:prt cc conj advmod punct case case obl cc conj punct cc punct nsubj aux advcl punct case obl punct root The DET imperfect ADJ tense NOUN describes VERB past ADJ actions NOUN that PRON were AUX going VERB on ADP or CCONJ happened VERB often ADV , PUNCT as ADP in ADP French PROPN and CCONJ Spanish ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT I PRON was AUX reading VERB » PUNCT in ADP English PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tense det 2 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tense amod 3 tense tense NOUN Number=Sing 4 describes nsubj 4 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 6 actions amod 6 actions action NOUN Number=Plur 9 going nsubj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 going nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 going aux 9 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 describes ccomp 10 on on ADP _ 9 going compound:prt 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 happened cc 12 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 going conj 13 often often ADV _ 12 happened advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 French punct 15 as as ADP _ 17 French case 16 in in ADP _ 17 French case 17 French French PROPN Number=Sing 9 going obl 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 Spanish cc 19 Spanish Spanish ADJ Degree=Pos 17 French conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 reading punct 21 or or CCONJ _ 25 reading cc 22 « « PUNCT _ 25 reading punct 23 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 25 reading nsubj 24 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 reading aux 25 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 describes advcl 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 reading punct 27 in in ADP _ 28 English case 28 English English PROPN Number=Sing 25 reading obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present the imperfect tense vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 go on past · progressive past actions as French vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 happen past past actions not said here often property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 read in a quote past · progressive I English vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The vase is slightly imperfect, so it was half price.
det nsubj cop advmod punct advmod nsubj cop amod conj punct root The DET vase NOUN is AUX slightly ADV imperfect ADJ , PUNCT so ADV it PRON was AUX half ADJ price NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vase det 2 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 5 imperfect nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 imperfect cop 4 slightly slightly ADV _ 5 imperfect advmod 5 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 price punct 7 so so ADV _ 11 price advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 price nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 price cop 10 half half ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 11 price amod 11 price price NOUN Number=Sing 5 imperfect conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 imperfect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the vase imperfect, slightly property tree rules 2 is a past vase half price tree rules
Example 2 Nobody is perfect; we are all imperfect.
nsubj cop punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct root Nobody PRON is AUX perfect ADJ ; PUNCT we PRON are AUX all ADV imperfect ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 3 perfect nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 perfect cop 3 perfect perfect ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 imperfect punct 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 imperfect nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 imperfect cop 7 all all ADV _ 8 imperfect advmod 8 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos 3 perfect conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 perfect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Nobody perfect property tree rules 2 is present we all, imperfect property tree rules
Example 3 Her English is imperfect, but she speaks it bravely.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct cc nsubj conj obj advmod punct root Her PRON English PROPN is AUX imperfect ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ she PRON speaks VERB it PRON bravely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 English nmod:poss 2 English English PROPN Number=Sing 4 imperfect nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 imperfect cop 4 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 speaks punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 speaks cc 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 speaks nsubj 8 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 imperfect conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 speaks obj 10 bravely bravely ADV _ 8 speaks advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 imperfect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Her English imperfect property tree rules 2 speak speech: other present English it bravely property tree rules
Example 4 Christians believe that God loves people even though they are imperfect.
nsubj mark nsubj ccomp obj advmod mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Christians PROPN believe VERB that SCONJ God PROPN loves VERB people NOUN even ADV though SCONJ they PRON are AUX imperfect ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 2 believe nsubj 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 5 loves mark 4 God God PROPN Number=Sing 5 loves nsubj 5 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 believe ccomp 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 loves obj 7 even even ADV _ 11 imperfect advmod 8 though though SCONJ _ 11 imperfect mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 imperfect nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 imperfect cop 11 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos 5 loves advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present Christians vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 love present God people vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus 3 is present Christians = christian imperfect property tree rules
Example 5 In French lessons we learned the imperfect tense.
case compound obl nsubj det amod obj punct root In ADP French PROPN lessons NOUN we PRON learned VERB the DET imperfect ADJ tense NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 lessons case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 3 lessons compound 3 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 5 learned obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 learned nsubj 5 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tense det 7 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tense amod 8 tense tense NOUN Number=Sing 5 learned obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past we the imperfect tense French lessons vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tense=Topic
Example 6 The plan was imperfect, but it worked.
det nsubj cop punct cc nsubj conj punct root The DET plan NOUN was AUX imperfect ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON worked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plan det 2 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 4 imperfect nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 imperfect cop 4 imperfect imperfect ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 worked punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 worked cc 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 worked nsubj 8 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 imperfect conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 imperfect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the plan imperfect property tree rules 2 work past plan vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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