initially Who acts: anything, It, he, Sam, she, tank · What happens: mean, change, show, say, have, hold · To what, where: beginning, first plan, 20 marbles, many, 50 litres, friends · Speech: someone speaks here
«initially» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: initially in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Initially means at the beginning, at first, before anything changed.
advmod case det obl punct case parataxis punct mark nsubj conj punct root Initially ADV means VERB at ADP the DET beginning NOUN , PUNCT at ADP first ADV , PUNCT before SCONJ anything PRON changed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 beginning case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beginning det 5 beginning beginning NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 first punct 7 at at ADP _ 8 first case 8 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 2 means parataxis 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 changed punct 10 before before SCONJ _ 12 changed mark 11 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 changed nsubj 12 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 means conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present at the beginning initially property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 change past anything vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It can also show that a first plan or idea was later changed.
nsubj aux advmod mark det amod nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass advmod ccomp punct root It PRON can AUX also ADV show VERB that SCONJ a DET first ADJ plan NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN was AUX later ADV changed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 show nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 show aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 show advmod 4 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 13 changed mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 plan det 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 plan amod 8 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 13 changed nsubj:pass 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 idea cc 10 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 plan conj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 changed aux:pass 12 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 13 changed advmod 13 changed change VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 show ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show can It vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 change past · passive a first plan or idea late property vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Initially he said no, but then he said yes.
advmod nsubj obj punct cc advmod nsubj conj obj punct root Initially ADV he PRON said VERB no INTJ , PUNCT but CCONJ then ADV he PRON said VERB yes INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 3 said advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 3 said obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 said punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 said cc 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 9 said advmod 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 said conj 10 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 9 said obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past he initially property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no=Topic 2 say speech: assert past he then vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent yes=Topic
Example 1 Initially, Sam had 20 marbles.
advmod punct nsubj nummod obj punct root Initially ADV , PUNCT Sam PROPN had VERB 20 NUM marbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 4 had advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Initially punct 3 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 marbles nummod 6 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Sam 20 marbles initially property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient
Example 2 How many did she have initially?
advmod obj aux nsubj advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ did AUX she PRON have VERB initially ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 have obj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 have aux 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 initially initially ADV _ 5 have advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past · do-support she many initially property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
Example 3 Initially the tank held 50 litres.
advmod det nsubj nummod obj punct root Initially ADV the DET tank NOUN held VERB 50 NUM litres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 4 held advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tank det 3 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 4 held nsubj 4 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 litres nummod 6 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur 4 held obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past the tank 50 litres initially property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme
Example 4 Initially there were 12 birds on the tree.
advmod expl nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root Initially ADV there PRON were VERB 12 NUM birds NOUN on ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 3 were advmod 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 were expl 3 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 birds nummod 5 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 were nsubj 6 on on ADP _ 8 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 birds nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past 12 birds on the tree there initially property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Initially I was scared of the dog, but now we are friends.
advmod nsubj cop case det obl punct cc advmod nsubj cop obl punct root Initially ADV I PRON was AUX scared ADJ of ADP the DET dog NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ now ADV we PRON are AUX friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 4 scared advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 scared nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 scared cop 4 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 dog case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 dog det 7 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 scared obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 friends punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 13 friends cc 10 now now ADV PronType=Dem 13 friends advmod 11 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 friends nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 friends cop 13 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 4 scared obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 scared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past I of the dog; initially, scared property tree rules 2 is a present we friends now tree rules
Example 6 The plant was initially 5 cm tall and grew 2 cm a week.
det nsubj cop advmod nummod obl:unmarked cc conj nummod obj det nmod:unmarked punct root The DET plant NOUN was AUX initially ADV 5 NUM cm NOUN tall ADJ and CCONJ grew VERB 2 NUM cm NOUN a DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plant det 2 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 tall nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 tall cop 4 initially initially ADV _ 7 tall advmod 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cm nummod 6 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 7 tall obl:unmarked 7 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 grew cc 9 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 tall conj 10 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 cm nummod 11 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 9 grew obj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 week det 13 week week NOUN Number=Sing 11 cm nmod:unmarked 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the plant 5 cm obl:unmarked ; initially, tall property tree rules 2 grow past the plant not said here 2 cm a week vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cm=Theme
Example 7 Initially the team lost, but they won the second half.
advmod det nsubj punct cc nsubj parataxis det amod obj punct root Initially ADV the DET team NOUN lost VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON won VERB the DET second ADJ half NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 4 lost advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 team det 3 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 lost nsubj 4 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 won punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 won cc 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 won nsubj 8 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lost parataxis 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 half det 10 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 11 half amod 11 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 8 won obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose participle the team initially property vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 win past they the second half vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Eventuality
Example 8 Initially the water was cold; after an hour it was warm.
advmod det nsubj cop punct case det obl nsubj cop conj punct root Initially ADV the DET water NOUN was AUX cold ADJ ; PUNCT after ADP an DET hour NOUN it PRON was AUX warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Initially initially ADV _ 5 cold advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 water det 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 cold nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 cold cop 5 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 warm punct 7 after after ADP _ 9 hour case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hour det 9 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 12 warm obl 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 warm nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 warm cop 12 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cold conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the water cold, initially property tree rules 2 is past water hour warm property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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