instructions Who acts: Words, instructions, Orders, commands, you, recipe instructions · What happens: tell, do, use, build, give, read · To what, where: you, something, model, someone, clear instructions, computer · Speech: someone speaks here
«instructions» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: instructions in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Words that tell you how to do or use something, step by step, like the instructions for building a model or a recipe.
The tree, 23 words nsubj acl:relcl iobj advmod mark ccomp cc conj obj punct conj case obl punct case det obl mark acl det obj cc det conj punct root Words NOUN that PRON tell VERB you PRON how ADV to PART do VERB or CCONJ use VERB something PRON , PUNCT step NOUN by ADP step NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET instructions NOUN for SCONJ building VERB a DET model NOUN or CCONJ a DET recipe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 tell nsubj 3 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Words acl:relcl 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 tell iobj 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 do advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 tell ccomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 use cc 9 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 do conj 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 use obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 step punct 12 step step NOUN Number=Sing 10 something conj 13 by by ADP _ 14 step case 14 step step NOUN Number=Sing 9 use obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 instructions punct 16 like like ADP _ 18 instructions case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 instructions det 18 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 7 do obl 19 for for SCONJ _ 20 building mark 20 building build VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 instructions acl 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 model det 22 model model NOUN Number=Sing 20 building obj 23 or or CCONJ _ 25 recipe cc 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 recipe det 25 recipe recipe NOUN Number=Sing 22 model conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 1 Words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present Words you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen to-infinitive like the instructions vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 use infinitive something by step vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 4 build gerund the instructions not said here a model or a recipe vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset model=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Orders telling someone what to do: the teacher gave clear instructions.
nsubj acl obj obj mark acl:relcl punct det nsubj amod obj punct root Orders NOUN telling VERB someone PRON what PRON to PART do VERB : PUNCT the DET teacher NOUN gave VERB clear ADJ instructions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Orders order NOUN Number=Plur 10 gave nsubj 2 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Orders acl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 telling obj 4 what what PRON PronType=Int 6 do obj 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 someone acl:relcl 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 gave punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teacher det 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 10 gave nsubj 10 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 12 instructions amod 12 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 10 gave obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert gerund Orders not said here someone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 2 do to-infinitive Orders not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality 3 give past Orders clear instructions vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme
Meaning 3 In computing, commands that tell a computer what to do.
case punct conj nsubj acl:relcl det iobj obj mark ccomp punct root In ADP computing NOUN , PUNCT commands NOUN that PRON tell VERB a DET computer NOUN what PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 computing case 2 computing computing NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 commands punct 4 commands command NOUN Number=Plur 2 computing conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 tell nsubj 6 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 commands acl:relcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 computer det 8 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell iobj 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 11 do obj 10 to to PART _ 11 do mark 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tell ccomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 computing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present commands a computer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent computer=Recipient clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
Example 1 Read the instructions before you start the test.
det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Read VERB the DET instructions NOUN before SCONJ you PRON start VERB the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 instructions det 3 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 1 Read obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 start mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 start nsubj 6 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Read advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the instructions vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Topic 2 start present you the test vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality
Example 2 Follow the instructions to build the model plane.
det obj mark advcl det compound obj punct root Follow VERB the DET instructions NOUN to PART build VERB the DET model NOUN plane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Follow follow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 instructions det 3 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 1 Follow obj 4 to to PART _ 5 build mark 5 build build VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Follow advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plane det 7 model model NOUN Number=Sing 8 plane compound 8 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 5 build obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Follow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow imperative you not said here the instructions vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme 2 build to-infinitive you not said here the model plane vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plane=Product
Example 3 The recipe instructions say to mix the eggs and sugar.
det compound nsubj mark xcomp det obj cc conj punct root The DET recipe NOUN instructions NOUN say VERB to PART mix VERB the DET eggs NOUN and CCONJ sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 instructions det 2 recipe recipe NOUN Number=Sing 3 instructions compound 3 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 4 say nsubj 4 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 mix mark 6 mix mix VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 say xcomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 eggs det 8 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 6 mix obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sugar cc 10 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 8 eggs conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the recipe instructions vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 mix to-infinitive the recipe instructions not said here the eggs and sugar vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient
Example 4 Our robot follows the instructions we program.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj nsubj conj punct root Our PRON robot NOUN follows VERB the DET instructions NOUN we PRON program NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 robot nmod:poss 2 robot robot NOUN Number=Sing 3 follows nsubj 3 follows follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 instructions det 5 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 3 follows obj 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 program nsubj 7 program program NOUN Number=Sing 5 instructions conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 follows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow present Our robot the instructions and program vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme 2 program we tree rules
Example 5 The teacher gave us clear instructions for the fire drill.
det nsubj iobj amod obj case det compound obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN gave VERB us PRON clear ADJ instructions NOUN for ADP the DET fire NOUN drill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 6 instructions amod 6 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave obj 7 for for ADP _ 10 drill case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 drill det 9 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 10 drill compound 10 drill drill NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the teacher clear instructions us for the fire drill vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent we=Recipient instruction=Theme for drill=Asset
Example 6 Instructions often begin with a bossy verb like "cut" or "stir".
The tree, 11 words nsubj advmod case det amod obl case punct nmod punct cc punct conj punct punct root Instructions NOUN often ADV begin VERB with ADP a DET bossy ADJ verb NOUN like ADP " PUNCT cut NOUN " PUNCT or CCONJ " PUNCT stir NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 3 begin nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 begin advmod 3 begin begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 verb case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 verb det 6 bossy bossy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 verb amod 7 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 3 begin obl 8 like like ADP _ 10 cut case 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 cut punct 10 cut cut NOUN Number=Sing 7 verb nmod 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 cut punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 stir cc 13 " " PUNCT _ 14 stir punct 14 stir stir NOUN Number=Sing 10 cut conj 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 stir punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 begin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin present Instructions with a bossy verb like cut or stir; often property vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with verb=Subeventuality
Example 7 Dad threw away the instructions and then couldn't build the shelf!
nsubj advmod det obj cc advmod aux advmod conj det obj punct root Dad NOUN threw VERB away ADV the DET instructions NOUN and CCONJ then ADV could AUX n't PART build VERB the DET shelf NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 threw nsubj 2 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 away away ADV _ 2 threw advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 instructions det 5 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 2 threw obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 10 build cc 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 10 build advmod 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 build aux 9 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 10 build advmod 10 build build VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 threw conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 shelf det 12 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 10 build obj 13 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away past Dad the instructions away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme 2 not build could Dad not said here the shelf then vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shelf=Product
Example 8 The medicine bottle has instructions on how much to take.
det compound nsubj obj case advmod nmod mark acl punct root The DET medicine NOUN bottle NOUN has VERB instructions NOUN on ADP how ADV much ADJ to PART take VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bottle det 2 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 3 bottle compound 3 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 much case 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 much advmod 8 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 5 instructions nmod 9 to to PART _ 10 take mark 10 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 much acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the medicine bottle instructions much vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Patient 2 take to-infinitive vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Go, my son, and do not forget any of my instructions.”
The tree, 11 words punct nmod:poss vocative punct cc aux advmod conj obj case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root Go VERB , PUNCT my PRON son NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ do AUX not PART forget VERB any DET of ADP my PRON instructions NOUN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 son punct 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 son nmod:poss 4 son son NOUN Number=Sing 1 Go vocative 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 forget punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 forget cc 7 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 forget aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 forget advmod 9 forget forget VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Go conj 10 any any DET PronType=Ind 9 forget obj 11 of of ADP _ 13 instructions case 12 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 instructions nmod:poss 13 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 10 any nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Go punct 15 ” " PUNCT _ 1 Go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go imperative you not said here my son vocative vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not forget infinitive · do-support you not said here any tree rules 3 instruct my nom instruction «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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