intonation Who acts: you, rise, question, voice, yes, intonation · What happens: speak, change, go up, rise, sing, play · To what, where: meaning, end, tune, rising intonation, story, Australian speech · Speech: someone speaks here
«intonation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: intonation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The rise and fall of your voice when you speak, which can change the meaning: a question often goes up at the end.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cc conj case nmod:poss nmod mark nsubj acl punct nsubj aux det obj punct det nsubj advmod conj compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET rise NOUN and CCONJ fall NOUN of ADP your PRON voice NOUN when SCONJ you PRON speak VERB , PUNCT which PRON can AUX change VERB the DET meaning NOUN : PUNCT a DET question NOUN often ADV goes VERB up ADP at ADP the DET end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rise det 2 rise rise NOUN Number=Sing 14 change nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 fall cc 4 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 2 rise conj 5 of of ADP _ 7 voice case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 voice nmod:poss 7 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 2 rise nmod 8 when when SCONJ _ 10 speak mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 speak nsubj 10 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 voice acl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 change punct 12 which which PRON PronType=Rel 14 change nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 change aux 14 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 meaning det 16 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 14 change obj 17 : : PUNCT _ 21 goes punct 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 question det 19 question question NOUN Number=Sing 21 goes nsubj 20 often often ADV _ 21 goes advmod 21 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 change conj 22 up up ADP _ 21 goes compound:prt 23 at at ADP _ 25 end case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 end det 25 end end NOUN Number=Sing 21 goes obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 14 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present you vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 change can the rise of your voice and fall the meaning vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient 3 go up present a question at the end often property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 4 rise your voice nom rise «event intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.
Singing or playing exactly in tune.
cc conj advmod case obl punct root Singing VERB or CCONJ playing VERB exactly ADV in ADP tune NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Singing sing VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 playing cc 3 playing play VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Singing conj 4 exactly exactly ADV _ 6 tune advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 tune case 6 tune tune NOUN Number=Sing 3 playing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Singing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express gerund vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 play gerund tune vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Use rising intonation when you ask a yes-no question.
amod obj advmod nsubj advcl det nsubj punct det obj punct root Use VERB rising VERB intonation NOUN when ADV you PRON ask VERB a DET yes NOUN - PUNCT no DET question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 rising rise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 intonation amod 3 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 ask advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 ask nsubj 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Use advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 question det 8 yes yes NOUN Number=Sing 11 question nsubj 9 - - PUNCT _ 11 question punct 10 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 question det 11 question question NOUN Number=Sing 6 ask obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here rising intonation vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent intonation=Patient 2 rise gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 ask speech: ask present you vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 question speech: other yes tree rules
Example 2 Her intonation showed she was joking.
nmod:poss nsubj nsubj aux ccomp punct root Her PRON intonation NOUN showed VERB she PRON was AUX joking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 intonation nmod:poss 2 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 joking nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 joking aux 6 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 showed ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Her intonation vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 joke speech: other past · progressive intonation vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 intonate Her = she nom intonation «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Reading aloud with good intonation makes a story come alive.
csubj advmod case amod obl det obj xcomp xcomp punct root Reading VERB aloud ADV with ADP good ADJ intonation NOUN makes VERB a DET story NOUN come VERB alive ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 makes csubj 2 aloud aloud ADV _ 1 Reading advmod 3 with with ADP _ 5 intonation case 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 intonation amod 5 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Reading obl 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 story det 8 story story NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes obj 9 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 makes xcomp 10 alive alive ADJ Degree=Pos 9 come xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read gerund with good intonation; aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present Reading a story tree rules 3 come infinitive a story not said here alive property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The violinist worked on her intonation.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET violinist NOUN worked VERB on ADP her PRON intonation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 violinist det 2 violinist violinist NOUN Number=Sing 3 worked nsubj 3 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 intonation case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 intonation nmod:poss 6 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 3 worked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work past the violinist on violinist's intonation vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on intonation=Theme 2 intonate violinist nom intonation «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 In some Australian and New Zealand speech, statements end with a rising intonation.
The tree, 13 words case det amod cc flat conj obl punct nsubj case det amod obl punct root In ADP some DET Australian ADJ and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN speech NOUN , PUNCT statements NOUN end VERB with ADP a DET rising VERB intonation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 7 speech case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 speech det 3 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 7 speech amod 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 Zealand cc 5 New New PROPN Number=Sing 6 Zealand flat 6 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 3 Australian conj 7 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 10 end obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 speech punct 9 statements statement NOUN Number=Plur 10 end nsubj 10 end end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 with with ADP _ 14 intonation case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 intonation det 13 rising rise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 intonation amod 14 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 10 end obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 end punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end present statements some Australian speech with a rising intonation vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with intonation=Subeventuality 2 rise gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Intonation can turn Really. into Really?
nsubj aux advmod punct case obl punct root Intonation NOUN can AUX turn VERB Really ADV . PUNCT into ADP Really ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 3 turn nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 turn aux 3 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 Really really ADV _ 3 turn advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 turn punct 6 into into ADP _ 7 Really case 7 Really really ADV _ 3 turn obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn can Intonation vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into really=Trajectory
Example 7 No explanation could convey an adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation which Uncle Remus brought to bear upon this wonderful word.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj aux det amod obj case det nmod cc conj obj nsubj flat acl:relcl mark xcomp case det amod obl punct root No DET explanation NOUN could AUX convey VERB an DET adequate ADJ idea NOUN of ADP the DET intonation NOUN and CCONJ pronunciation NOUN which PRON Uncle PROPN Remus PROPN brought VERB to PART bear VERB upon ADP this DET wonderful ADJ word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 explanation det 2 explanation explanation NOUN Number=Sing 4 convey nsubj 3 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 convey aux 4 convey convey VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 idea det 6 adequate adequate ADJ Degree=Pos 7 idea amod 7 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 4 convey obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 intonation case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 intonation det 10 intonation intonation NOUN Number=Sing 7 idea nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 pronunciation cc 12 pronunciation pronunciation NOUN Number=Sing 10 intonation conj 13 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 brought obj 14 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 16 brought nsubj 15 Remus Remus PROPN Number=Sing 14 Uncle flat 16 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 intonation acl:relcl 17 to to PART _ 18 bear mark 18 bear bear VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 brought xcomp 19 upon upon ADP _ 22 word case 20 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 22 word det 21 wonderful wonderful ADJ Degree=Pos 22 word amod 22 word word NOUN Number=Sing 18 bear obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 convey punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 convey could no explanation a adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent idea=Topic 2 bring past Uncle the intonation and pronunciation tree rules 3 bear to-infinitive Uncle not said here upon this wonderful word vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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