inversion

Who acts: ground, roller coaster, we, 1/2, you, temperature inversion · What happens: turn down, change, swap, use, put, be · To what, where: something upside, top, inverse operation, usual order, verb, question · Speech: someone speaks here

«inversion» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: inversion in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Turning something upside down or the other way round.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 upside	compound
3	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Turning	obj
4	down	down	ADV	_	1 Turning	advmod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 way	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 way	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 way	amod
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Turning	conj
9	round	round	ADV	_	1 Turning	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Turning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn down	gerund		something upside				down, round property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

Changing to the opposite or reverse, such as swapping the top and bottom of a fraction, or using the inverse operation.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 opposite	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 opposite	det
4	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Changing	obl
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 reverse	cc
6	reverse	reverse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 opposite	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 swapping	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	10 swapping	mark
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	swapping	swap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 opposite	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 top	det
12	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 swapping	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 bottom	cc
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 top	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 fraction	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 fraction	det
17	fraction	fraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 top	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 using	punct
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 using	cc
20	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 swapping	advcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 operation	det
22	inverse	inverse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 operation	amod
23	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 using	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Changing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		to the opposite result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to opposite=Result
2	swap	gerund	the top of a fraction and bottom		vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent top=Theme
3	use	gerund	the inverse operation		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent operation=Patient

Meaning 3

Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

Changing the usual order of words, like putting the verb before the subject in a question («Are you…?»).

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 order	det
3	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 order	amod
4	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 words	case
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 order	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 putting	punct
8	like	like	SCONJ	_	9 putting	mark
9	putting	put	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Changing	ccomp
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 verb	det
11	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 putting	obj
12	before	before	ADP	_	14 subject	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 subject	det
14	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 putting	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 question	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 question	det
17	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 putting	obl
18	(	(	PUNCT	_	21 you	punct
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	21 you	punct
20	Are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 you	cop
21	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 question	conj
22	…	…	PUNCT	_	21 you	punct
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 putting	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 putting	punct
25	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 putting	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Changing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	change	gerund	the usual order of words			tree rules
2	put	gerund	the verb	a question	before the subject	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent verb=Theme before subject=Destination
3	is a in a quote	present	you			tree rules
4	order		words			nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient

Meaning 4

Usage: weather — kept apart, not parsed.

A temperature inversion: a layer of warm air over cold air near the ground that traps fog and smoke.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 inversion	det
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inversion	compound
3	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 layer	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 layer	det
6	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inversion	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 air	case
8	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 air	amod
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 layer	nmod
10	over	over	ADP	_	12 air	case
11	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 air	amod
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 air	nmod
13	near	near	ADP	_	15 ground	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ground	det
15	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 air	nmod
16	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 traps	nsubj
17	traps	trap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 ground	acl:relcl
18	fog	fog	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 traps	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 smoke	cc
20	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fog	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 inversion	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	present	the ground	fog and smoke					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fog=Patient

Meaning 5

Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

Changing the order of the notes in a chord.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 order	det
3	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 notes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 notes	det
6	notes	note	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 order	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 chord	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 chord	det
9	chord	chord	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 notes	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Changing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		the order of the notes in a chord					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Patient
2	order			the notes in a chord					nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

The roller coaster has three inversions.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 coaster	det
2	roller	roller	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 coaster	compound
3	coaster	coaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 inversions	nummod
6	inversions	inversion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the roller coaster	three inversions					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inversion=Patient

Example 2

To divide by a fraction, we use inversion: 1/2 becomes 2/1.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 divide	mark
2	divide	divide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 use	advcl
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 fraction	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fraction	det
5	fraction	fraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 divide	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 divide	punct
7	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 use	nsubj
8	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 use	obj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 1/2	punct
11	1/2	1/2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 becomes	nsubj
12	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 use	parataxis
13	2/1	2/1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 becomes	xcomp
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	divide	to-infinitive	we not said here		by a fraction	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by fraction=Co-Theme
2	use	present	we	inversion		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inversion=Patient
3	become	present	1/2			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 3

«Are you ready?» uses inversion of the subject and the verb.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 ready	punct
2	Are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ready	cop
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 ready	nsubj
4	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 uses	parataxis
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 ready	punct
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 ready	punct
7	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 uses	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 subject	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 subject	det
11	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 inversion	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 verb	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 verb	det
14	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 subject	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	you		ready property	tree rules
2	use	present		inversion of the subject and the verb		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent inversion=Theme clause=Eventuality
3	invert			the subject and the verb		nom inversion «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

A temperature inversion trapped the smoke over the city.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 inversion	det
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inversion	compound
3	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 inversion	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 smoke	det
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trapped	obj
7	over	over	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 smoke	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 inversion	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	participle	a temperature inversion not said here	the smoke		the city			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smoke=Patient

Example 5

The poem uses inversion to make the rhyme fit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 poem	det
2	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	nsubj
3	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 make	mark
6	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 uses	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 fit	det
8	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fit	compound
9	fit	fit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 make	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	the poem	inversion					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inversion=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive	the poem not said here	the rhyme fit					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fit=Product

Example 6

The pianist played the chord in its first inversion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pianist	det
2	pianist	pianist	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 played	nsubj
3	played	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 chord	det
5	chord	chord	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 played	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 inversion	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 inversion	nmod:poss
8	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 inversion	amod
9	inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 played	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 played	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	past	the pianist	the chord		pianist's first inversion			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chord=Theme
2	invert		pianist						nom inversion «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Example 7

Inversion of colours turns black into white on the screen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Inversion	inversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turns	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 colours	case
3	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Inversion	nmod
4	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turns	xcomp
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 white	case
7	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turns	xcomp
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 screen	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 screen	det
10	screen	screen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 white	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 turns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Inversion of colours					black, white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	invert			colours					nom inversion «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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