iou Who acts: short written note, you, note, letters, I, Dad · What happens: write, say, owe, stand, sound, do · To what, where: someone money, you, something, money, IOU, sister · Speech: someone speaks here
«iou» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: iou in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A short written note that says you owe someone money; it stands for «I owe you» because the letters sound like those words.
The tree, 23 words det amod amod nsubj nsubj nsubj ccomp compound obj punct nsubj conj mark punct nsubj advcl obj punct mark det nsubj advcl case det obl punct root A DET short ADJ written VERB note NOUN that PRON says VERB you PRON owe VERB someone PRON money NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON stands VERB for SCONJ « PUNCT I PRON owe VERB you PRON » PUNCT because SCONJ the DET letters NOUN sound VERB like ADP those DET words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 note det 2 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 4 note amod 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 note amod 4 note note NOUN Number=Sing 6 says nsubj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 says nsubj 6 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 owe nsubj 8 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 says ccomp 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 money compound 10 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 owe obj 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 stands punct 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 stands nsubj 13 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 says conj 14 for for SCONJ _ 17 owe mark 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 owe punct 16 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 owe nsubj 17 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 stands advcl 18 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 owe obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 17 owe punct 20 because because SCONJ _ 23 sound mark 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 letters det 22 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 23 sound nsubj 23 sound sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 stands advcl 24 like like ADP _ 26 words case 25 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 26 words det 26 words word NOUN Number=Plur 23 sound obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert present a short written note vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 owe present you someone money vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme 4 stand present note vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 owe in a quote present a short written note = note you vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent you=Theme 6 sound present the letters like that words vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A promise to do something or pay back later.
det mark acl obj cc conj advmod advmod punct root A DET promise NOUN to PART do VERB something PRON or CCONJ pay VERB back ADV later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 promise det 2 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 to to PART _ 4 do mark 4 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 promise acl 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 do obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 pay cc 7 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 do conj 8 back back ADV _ 7 pay advmod 9 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 7 pay advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 promise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 2 pay back infinitive late property vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 I didn't have any money, so I gave my sister an IOU for £2.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux advmod det obj punct advmod nsubj parataxis nmod:poss iobj det obj case obl nummod punct root I PRON did AUX n't PART have VERB any DET money NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON gave VERB my PRON sister NOUN an DET IOU NOUN for ADP £ SYM 2 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 have nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 have aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 have advmod 4 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 any any DET PronType=Ind 6 money det 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 have obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 gave punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 gave advmod 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 gave nsubj 10 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 have parataxis 11 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 sister nmod:poss 12 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 10 gave iobj 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 IOU det 14 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 10 gave obj 15 for for ADP _ 16 £ case 16 £ £ SYM _ 10 gave obl 17 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 £ nummod 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have past · do-support I any money vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient 2 give past I a IOU my sister vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent sister=Recipient iou=Theme for £=Asset
Example 2 Dad found an old IOU in his wallet.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Dad NOUN found VERB an DET old ADJ IOU NOUN in ADP his PRON wallet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 IOU det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 IOU amod 5 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 wallet case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 wallet nmod:poss 8 wallet wallet NOUN Number=Sing 5 IOU nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Dad a old IOU Dad's wallet vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iou=Topic
Example 3 The pirate's map came with an IOU for ten gold coins.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl case nummod compound obl punct root The DET pirate NOUN 's PART map NOUN came VERB with ADP an DET IOU NOUN for ADP ten NUM gold NOUN coins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pirate det 2 pirate pirate NOUN Number=Sing 4 map nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 pirate case 4 map map NOUN Number=Sing 5 came nsubj 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 IOU case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 IOU det 8 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 5 came obl 9 for for ADP _ 12 coins case 10 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 coins nummod 11 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 12 coins compound 12 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 5 came obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the pirate's map with a IOU; for ten gold coins vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 My birthday card had an IOU for a trip to the cinema.
nmod:poss compound nsubj det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root My PRON birthday NOUN card NOUN had VERB an DET IOU NOUN for ADP a DET trip NOUN to ADP the DET cinema NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 card nmod:poss 2 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 3 card compound 3 card card NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 IOU det 6 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 for for ADP _ 9 trip case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 trip det 9 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obl 10 to to ADP _ 12 cinema case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 cinema det 12 cinema cinema NOUN Number=Sing 9 trip nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past My birthday card a IOU for a trip to the cinema vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iou=Patient
Example 5 If you write an IOU, you must pay it back.
mark nsubj advcl det obj punct nsubj aux obj advmod punct root If SCONJ you PRON write VERB an DET IOU NOUN , PUNCT you PRON must AUX pay VERB it PRON back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 write mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 write nsubj 3 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 pay advcl 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 IOU det 5 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 3 write obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 write punct 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 pay nsubj 8 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 pay aux 9 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 pay obj 11 back back ADV _ 9 pay advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 pay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write a condition, not said to happen present you a IOU vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iou=Theme 2 pay back must you IOU vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset
Example 6 Tom has three IOUs from his brother for chores.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root Tom PROPN has VERB three NUM IOUs PROPN from ADP his PRON brother NOUN for ADP chores NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 IOUs nummod 4 IOUs IOUs PROPN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 brother case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 brother nmod:poss 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obl 8 for for ADP _ 9 chores case 9 chores chore NOUN Number=Plur 7 brother nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Tom three IOUs from Tom's brother for chores vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ious=Patient
Example 7 An IOU for $10 means the writer owes $10.
det nsubj case nmod nummod det nsubj ccomp obj nummod punct root An DET IOU NOUN for ADP $ SYM 10 NUM means VERB the DET writer NOUN owes VERB $ SYM 10 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 IOU det 2 IOU iou NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 3 for for ADP _ 4 $ case 4 $ $ SYM _ 2 IOU nmod 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 $ nummod 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 writer det 8 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 9 owes nsubj 9 owes owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means ccomp 10 $ $ SYM _ 9 owes obj 11 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 $ nummod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a IOU vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 owe present the writer vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent $=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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