irradiate Who acts: food, Doctors, sun, scientist, seeds, Sunlight · What happens: irradiate, be, kill, keep, destroy, see · To what, where: something, food, germs, tumours, spices, Earth
«irradiate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: irradiate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
To irradiate something is to send rays, such as X-rays, gamma rays or ultraviolet light, onto or through it.
The tree, 20 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj punct case fixed compound punct conj punct compound conj cc amod conj punct case cc case advcl punct root To PART irradiate VERB something PRON is AUX to PART send VERB rays NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP X NOUN - PUNCT rays NOUN , PUNCT gamma NOUN rays NOUN or CCONJ ultraviolet ADJ light NOUN , PUNCT onto ADP or CCONJ through ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 irradiate mark 2 irradiate irradiate VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 send advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 irradiate obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 send cop 5 to to PART _ 6 send mark 6 send send VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 6 send obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 rays punct 9 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 rays case 10 as as ADP _ 9 such fixed 11 X x NOUN Number=Sing 13 rays compound 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 X punct 13 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 7 rays conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 rays punct 15 gamma gamma NOUN Number=Sing 16 rays compound 16 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 7 rays conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 light cc 18 ultraviolet ultraviolet ADJ Degree=Pos 19 light amod 19 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 rays conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 24 it punct 21 onto onto ADP _ 24 it case 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 it cc 23 through through ADP _ 24 it case 24 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 send advcl 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 send punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate to-infinitive something tree rules 2 is present send property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To irradiate food is to treat it with rays to kill germs so it keeps longer.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj case obl mark advcl obj advmod nsubj advcl advmod punct root To PART irradiate VERB food NOUN is AUX to PART treat VERB it PRON with ADP rays NOUN to PART kill VERB germs NOUN so ADV it PRON keeps VERB longer ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 irradiate mark 2 irradiate irradiate VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 treat advcl 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 irradiate obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 treat cop 5 to to PART _ 6 treat mark 6 treat treat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 treat obj 8 with with ADP _ 9 rays case 9 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 6 treat obl 10 to to PART _ 11 kill mark 11 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 treat advcl 12 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 11 kill obj 13 so so ADV _ 15 keeps advmod 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 keeps nsubj 15 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 kill advcl 16 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 15 keeps advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 treat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate to-infinitive food tree rules 2 is present with rays; treat property tree rules 3 kill to-infinitive germs vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme 4 keep present food long property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.
To irradiate is to light something up brightly.
mark csubj cop mark obj compound:prt advmod punct root To PART irradiate VERB is AUX to PART light VERB something PRON up ADP brightly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 irradiate mark 2 irradiate irradiate VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 light csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 light cop 4 to to PART _ 5 light mark 5 light light VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 light obj 7 up up ADP _ 5 light compound:prt 8 brightly brightly ADV _ 5 light advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present brightly, light property tree rules
Example 1 Doctors irradiate tumours to destroy them.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Doctors NOUN irradiate VERB tumours NOUN to PART destroy VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Doctors doctor NOUN Number=Plur 2 irradiate nsubj 2 irradiate irradiate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tumours tumour NOUN Number=Plur 2 irradiate obj 4 to to PART _ 5 destroy mark 5 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 irradiate advcl 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 destroy obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 irradiate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate present Doctors tumours tree rules 2 destroy to-infinitive Doctors not said here tumours = tumour vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 2 Some spices are irradiated to kill germs.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj punct root Some DET spices NOUN are AUX irradiated VERB to PART kill VERB germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 spices det 2 spices spice NOUN Number=Plur 4 irradiated nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 irradiated aux:pass 4 irradiated irradiate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 kill mark 6 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 irradiated xcomp 7 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 6 kill obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 irradiated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate present · passive some spices tree rules 2 kill to-infinitive germs vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme
Example 3 The sun irradiates the Earth with light.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET sun NOUN irradiates VERB the DET Earth PROPN with ADP light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sun det 2 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 3 irradiates nsubj 3 irradiates irradiate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Earth det 5 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 3 irradiates obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 light case 7 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 irradiates obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 irradiates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate present the sun the Earth with light tree rules
Example 4 The scientist irradiated the seeds to see if they changed.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl mark nsubj advcl punct root The DET scientist NOUN irradiated VERB the DET seeds NOUN to PART see VERB if SCONJ they PRON changed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 irradiated nsubj 3 irradiated irradiate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 seeds det 5 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 3 irradiated obj 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 irradiated advcl 8 if if SCONJ _ 10 changed mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 changed nsubj 10 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 see advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 irradiated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate past the scientist the seeds tree rules 2 see to-infinitive the scientist not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 change a condition, not said to happen past seeds = seed vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Sunlight irradiated the whole valley.
nsubj det amod obj punct root Sunlight PROPN irradiated VERB the DET whole ADJ valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunlight Sunlight PROPN Number=Sing 2 irradiated nsubj 2 irradiated irradiate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 valley det 4 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 5 valley amod 5 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 2 irradiated obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 irradiated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate past Sunlight the whole valley tree rules
Example 6 Irradiated food is not radioactive.
amod nsubj cop advmod punct root Irradiated VERB food NOUN is AUX not PART radioactive ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Irradiated irradiate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 food amod 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 radioactive nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 radioactive cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 radioactive advmod 5 radioactive radioactive ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 radioactive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate participle tree rules 2 not is present Irradiated food radioactive property tree rules
Example 7 "My beams irradiated the naked walls that form the streets there.
punct nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj nsubj acl:relcl det obj advmod punct root " PUNCT My PRON beams NOUN irradiated VERB the DET naked ADJ walls NOUN that PRON form VERB the DET streets NOUN there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 irradiated punct 2 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 beams nmod:poss 3 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 4 irradiated nsubj 4 irradiated irradiate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 walls det 6 naked naked ADJ Degree=Pos 7 walls amod 7 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 4 irradiated obj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 form nsubj 9 form form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 walls acl:relcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 streets det 11 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 9 form obj 12 there there ADV PronType=Dem 9 form advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 irradiated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 irradiate in a quote past My beams the naked walls tree rules 2 form in a quote present the naked walls the streets there vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location street=Theme 3 beam in a quote My nom beam «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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