joust Who acts: long wooden poles, knights, joust, people, knight, We · What happens: joust, fight, call, do, be, mean · To what, where: horseback, lances, Middle Ages, one such contest, debate, front · Speech: someone speaks here
«joust» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: joust in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To joust was to fight on horseback with long wooden poles called lances, as knights did in the Middle Ages, often as a sport at tournaments.
The tree, 26 words mark cop mark advcl case obl case amod amod obl acl xcomp punct mark nsubj advcl case det flat obl punct advmod case det obl case nmod punct root To PART joust VERB was AUX to PART fight VERB on ADP horseback NOUN with ADP long ADJ wooden ADJ poles NOUN called VERB lances NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ knights NOUN did VERB in ADP the DET Middle PROPN Ages PROPN , PUNCT often ADV as ADP a DET sport NOUN at ADP tournaments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 joust mark 2 joust joust VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 to cop 4 to to PART _ 5 fight mark 5 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 joust advcl 6 on on ADP _ 7 horseback case 7 horseback horseback NOUN Number=Sing 5 fight obl 8 with with ADP _ 11 poles case 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 11 poles amod 10 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 11 poles amod 11 poles pole NOUN Number=Plur 5 fight obl 12 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 poles acl 13 lances lance NOUN Number=Plur 12 called xcomp 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 did punct 15 as as SCONJ _ 17 did mark 16 knights knight NOUN Number=Plur 17 did nsubj 17 did do VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 joust advcl 18 in in ADP _ 21 Ages case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 Ages det 20 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 21 Ages flat 21 Ages Age PROPN Number=Plur 17 did obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 26 sport punct 23 often often ADV _ 26 sport advmod 24 as as ADP _ 26 sport case 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 sport det 26 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 2 joust obl 27 at at ADP _ 28 tournaments case 28 tournaments tournament NOUN Number=Plur 26 sport nmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 2 joust punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joust to-infinitive as a sport at tournaments vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fight to-infinitive horseback with long wooden poles vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with pole=Co-Agent 3 call participle long wooden poles not said here lances vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 do past knights in the Middle Ages vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A joust is one such contest between two knights.
det nsubj cop nummod amod case nummod nmod punct root A DET joust NOUN is AUX one NUM such ADJ contest NOUN between ADP two NUM knights NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 joust det 2 joust joust NOUN Number=Sing 6 contest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 contest cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 contest nummod 5 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 6 contest amod 6 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 between between ADP _ 9 knights case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 knights nummod 9 knights knight NOUN Number=Plur 6 contest nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 contest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a joust one such contest between two knights tree rules
Meaning 3 To joust can also mean to argue or compete, as people do in a debate.
The tree, 15 words mark nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp cc conj punct mark nsubj conj case det obl punct root To PART joust NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART argue VERB or CCONJ compete VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ people NOUN do VERB in ADP a DET debate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 joust mark 2 joust joust NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 argue mark 7 argue argue VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 compete cc 9 compete compete VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 argue conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 do punct 11 as as SCONJ _ 13 do mark 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 do nsubj 13 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 argue conj 14 in in ADP _ 16 debate case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 debate det 16 debate debate NOUN Number=Sing 13 do obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can joust vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 argue speech: disagree not said to happen to-infinitive joust not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 compete infinitive joust not said here vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 do present people a debate vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The knights jousted in front of the king.
det nsubj case obl case det nmod punct root The DET knights NOUN jousted VERB in ADP front NOUN of ADP the DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knights det 2 knights knight NOUN Number=Plur 3 jousted nsubj 3 jousted joust VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 front case 5 front front NOUN Number=Sing 3 jousted obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 king case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 king det 8 king king NOUN Number=Sing 5 front nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 jousted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joust past the knights front of the king vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Each knight tried to knock the other off his horse in the joust.
det nsubj mark xcomp det obj compound:prt nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Each DET knight NOUN tried VERB to PART knock VERB the DET other ADJ off ADP his PRON horse NOUN in ADP the DET joust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 tried nsubj 3 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 knock mark 5 knock knock VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 tried xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 other det 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 5 knock obj 8 off off ADP _ 5 knock compound:prt 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 horse nmod:poss 10 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 knock obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 joust case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 joust det 13 joust joust NOUN Number=Sing 5 knock obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past each knight vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 knock off not said to happen to-infinitive each knight not said here the other the joust tree rules
Example 3 We watched a jousting show at the castle.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON watched VERB a DET jousting VERB show NOUN at ADP the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 show det 4 jousting joust VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 show amod 5 show show NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 castle case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 castle det 8 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We a jousting show the castle vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent show=Theme 2 joust gerund vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Jousting was a dangerous sport.
nsubj cop det amod punct root Jousting VERB was AUX a DET dangerous ADJ sport NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jousting joust VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 sport nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sport cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sport det 4 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sport amod 5 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 sport punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joust gerund vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a past a dangerous sport tree rules
Example 5 The knight's lance broke during the joust.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN 's PART lance NOUN broke VERB during ADP the DET joust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 4 lance nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 knight case 4 lance lance NOUN Number=Sing 5 broke nsubj 5 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 during during ADP _ 8 joust case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 joust det 8 joust joust NOUN Number=Sing 5 broke obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past the knight's lance during the joust vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The two candidates jousted on television.
det nummod acl case obl punct root The DET two NUM candidates NOUN jousted VERB on ADP television NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 candidates det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 candidates nummod 3 candidates candidate NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 jousted joust VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 candidates acl 5 on on ADP _ 6 television case 6 television television NOUN Number=Sing 4 jousted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 candidates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joust participle the two candidates not said here television vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 In the story, the young squire won his first joust.
case det obl punct det amod nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET young ADJ squire NOUN won VERB his PRON first ADJ joust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 won obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 squire det 6 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 7 squire amod 7 squire squire NOUN Number=Sing 8 won nsubj 8 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 joust nmod:poss 10 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 11 joust amod 11 joust joust NOUN Number=Sing 8 won obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past the young squire squire's first joust the story vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joust=Eventuality 2 joust squire nom joust «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Jousting knights wore heavy armour.
csubj obj amod obj punct root Jousting VERB knights NOUN wore VERB heavy ADJ armour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jousting joust VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 wore csubj 2 knights knight NOUN Number=Plur 1 Jousting obj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 armour amod 5 armour armour NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joust gerund knights tree rules 2 wear past Jousting heavy armour vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous journeymannext → jovial↑ back to J in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/J/joust/