kernel Who acts: kernel, operating system, Popcorn kernels, you, Squirrels, corn cob · What happens: be, make, control, pop, heat, crack · To what, where: soft part, nut, whole seed, popcorn, important central part, core part
«kernel» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kernel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A kernel is the soft part inside a nut or the seed inside the hard stone of a fruit.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod cc det conj case det amod nmod case det nmod punct root A DET kernel NOUN is AUX the DET soft ADJ part NOUN inside ADP a DET nut NOUN or CCONJ the DET seed NOUN inside ADP the DET hard ADJ stone NOUN of ADP a DET fruit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kernel det 2 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 part amod 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 inside inside ADP _ 9 nut case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 nut det 9 nut nut NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 seed cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 seed det 12 seed seed NOUN Number=Sing 9 nut conj 13 inside inside ADP _ 16 stone case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 stone det 15 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 16 stone amod 16 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 12 seed nmod 17 of of ADP _ 19 fruit case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 fruit det 19 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 16 stone nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a kernel the soft part a nut or the seed inside the hard stone of a fruit tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A kernel is a whole seed of a grain such as corn (maize) or wheat: popcorn is made of corn kernels.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case fixed nmod punct appos punct cc conj punct nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis case compound obl punct root A DET kernel NOUN is AUX a DET whole ADJ seed NOUN of ADP a DET grain NOUN such ADJ as ADP corn NOUN ( PUNCT maize NOUN ) PUNCT or CCONJ wheat NOUN : PUNCT popcorn NOUN is AUX made VERB of ADP corn NOUN kernels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kernel det 2 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 6 seed nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 seed cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 seed det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 seed amod 6 seed seed NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 grain case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 grain det 9 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 6 seed nmod 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 corn case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 6 seed nmod 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 maize punct 14 maize maize NOUN Number=Sing 12 corn appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 maize punct 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 wheat cc 17 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 12 corn conj 18 : : PUNCT _ 21 made punct 19 popcorn popcorn NOUN Number=Sing 21 made nsubj:pass 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 made aux:pass 21 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 seed parataxis 22 of of ADP _ 24 kernels case 23 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 24 kernels compound 24 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 21 made obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 seed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a kernel a whole seed of a grain; such corn or wheat tree rules 2 make present · passive popcorn of corn kernels vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Meaning 3 The kernel of something is its most important central part: «a kernel of truth».
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod cop nmod:poss advmod amod amod punct punct det appos case nmod punct punct root The DET kernel NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX its PRON most ADV important ADJ central ADJ part NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET kernel NOUN of ADP truth NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kernel det 2 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 kernel nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part cop 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 part nmod:poss 7 most most ADV Degree=Sup 8 important advmod 8 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 10 part amod 9 central central ADJ Degree=Pos 10 part amod 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 kernel punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 kernel punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 kernel det 14 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 10 part appos 15 of of ADP _ 16 truth case 16 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 14 kernel nmod 17 » » PUNCT _ 14 kernel punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the kernel of something kernel's important central part tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.
The kernel is the core part of a computer's operating system that controls everything else.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det compound case det nmod:poss case compound nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod punct root The DET kernel NOUN is AUX the DET core NOUN part NOUN of ADP a DET computer NOUN 's PART operating NOUN system NOUN that PRON controls VERB everything PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kernel det 2 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 core core NOUN Number=Sing 6 part compound 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 12 system case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 computer det 9 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 12 system nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 computer case 11 operating operating NOUN Number=Sing 12 system compound 12 system system NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 controls nsubj 14 controls control VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 system acl:relcl 15 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 14 controls obj 16 else else ADV _ 15 everything advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the kernel the core part of a computer's operating system tree rules 2 control present a computer's operating system everything vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme
Example 1 Popcorn kernels pop when you heat them.
compound nsubj advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root Popcorn NOUN kernels NOUN pop VERB when ADV you PRON heat VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Popcorn popcorn NOUN Number=Sing 2 kernels compound 2 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 3 pop nsubj 3 pop pop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 heat advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 heat nsubj 6 heat heat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pop advcl 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 heat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pop present Popcorn kernels vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 heat present you kernels = kernel vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 2 Squirrels crack hazelnuts to eat the kernel.
nsubj obj mark advcl det obj punct root Squirrels NOUN crack VERB hazelnuts NOUN to PART eat VERB the DET kernel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Squirrels squirrel NOUN Number=Plur 2 crack nsubj 2 crack crack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hazelnuts hazelnut NOUN Number=Plur 2 crack obj 4 to to PART _ 5 eat mark 5 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 crack advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 kernel det 7 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 5 eat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 crack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack present Squirrels hazelnuts vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hazelnut=Theme 2 eat to-infinitive Squirrels not said here the kernel vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kernel=Patient
Example 3 Each corn cob has hundreds of kernels.
det compound nsubj obj case nmod punct root Each DET corn NOUN cob NOUN has VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP kernels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 3 cob det 2 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 3 cob compound 3 cob cob NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 kernels case 7 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 5 hundreds nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each corn cob hundreds of kernels vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient
Example 4 The rumour had a kernel of truth in it.
det nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET rumour NOUN had VERB a DET kernel NOUN of ADP truth NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rumour det 2 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kernel det 5 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 truth case 7 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 5 kernel nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 truth nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the rumour a kernel of truth in truth vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kernel=Patient
Example 5 Wheat kernels are ground into flour.
compound nsubj cop case nmod punct root Wheat NOUN kernels NOUN are AUX ground NOUN into ADP flour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 2 kernels compound 2 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 4 ground nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ground cop 4 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 into into ADP _ 6 flour case 6 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 4 ground nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Wheat kernels ground flour tree rules
Example 6 Some kernels did not pop and stayed hard at the bottom of the bowl.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj aux advmod cc conj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root Some DET kernels NOUN did AUX not PART pop VERB and CCONJ stayed VERB hard ADV at ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET bowl NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 kernels det 2 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 5 pop nsubj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 pop aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 pop advmod 5 pop pop VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 stayed cc 7 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 pop conj 8 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 7 stayed advmod 9 at at ADP _ 11 bottom case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bottom det 11 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 7 stayed obl 12 of of ADP _ 14 bowl case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 bowl det 14 bowl bowl NOUN Number=Sing 11 bottom nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 pop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not pop past · do-support some kernels vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 stay past some kernels not said here the bottom of the bowl hard property vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location
Example 7 The computer's kernel controls the memory and the screen.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj cc det conj punct root The DET computer NOUN 's PART kernel NOUN controls VERB the DET memory NOUN and CCONJ the DET screen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 computer det 2 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 4 kernel nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 computer case 4 kernel kernel NOUN Number=Sing 5 controls nsubj 5 controls control VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 memory det 7 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 5 controls obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 screen cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 screen det 10 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 7 memory conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 controls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 control present the computer's kernel the memory and the screen vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Theme
Example 8 They soon gathered some, cracked them, and ate the fine young kernels, which were only just ripe.
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod obj punct conj obj punct cc conj det amod amod obj punct nsubj cop advmod advmod parataxis punct root They PRON soon ADV gathered VERB some DET , PUNCT cracked VERB them PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ ate VERB the DET fine ADJ young ADJ kernels NOUN , PUNCT which PRON were AUX only ADV just ADV ripe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 gathered nsubj 2 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 3 gathered advmod 3 gathered gather VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 gathered obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 cracked punct 6 cracked crack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 gathered conj 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cracked obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 ate punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 ate cc 10 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 gathered conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 kernels det 12 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 14 kernels amod 13 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 14 kernels amod 14 kernels kernel NOUN Number=Plur 10 ate obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 ripe punct 16 which which PRON PronType=Rel 20 ripe nsubj 17 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 20 ripe cop 18 only only ADV _ 20 ripe advmod 19 just just ADV _ 20 ripe advmod 20 ripe ripe ADJ Degree=Pos 14 kernels parataxis 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 gathered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gather past They some soon property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme 2 crack past They not said here them = they vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme 3 eat past They not said here the fine young kernels vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kernel=Patient 4 is past the fine young kernels ripe property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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