kill Who acts: feet, you, lion, Lions, Soap, frost · What happens: make, cause, kill, stop, do, wait · To what, where: person, great pain, me, something, engine, animal
«kill» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kill in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To make a person, animal or plant die.
mark det obj punct conj cc compound conj punct root To PART make VERB a DET person NOUN , PUNCT animal NOUN or CCONJ plant NOUN die NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 person det 4 person person NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 animal punct 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 4 person conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 die cc 8 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 9 die compound 9 die die NOUN Number=Sing 4 person conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive a person and animal or plant die vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset person=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Informal: to cause great pain: «My feet are killing me».
The tree, 10 words punct mark parataxis amod obj punct punct nmod:poss nsubj aux conj obj punct punct root Informal ADJ : PUNCT to PART cause VERB great ADJ pain NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT My PRON feet NOUN are AUX killing VERB me PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 cause punct 3 to to PART _ 4 cause mark 4 cause cause VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Informal parataxis 5 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pain amod 6 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 4 cause obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 12 killing punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 12 killing punct 9 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 feet nmod:poss 10 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 12 killing nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 killing aux 12 killing kill VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 pain conj 13 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 killing obj 14 » » PUNCT _ 12 killing punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Informal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause to-infinitive great pain vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient 2 kill in a quote present · progressive My feet me vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
Meaning 3 Informal: to stop something: kill the engine, kill time (do something while you wait).
The tree, 14 words advcl punct mark obj punct conj det obj punct compound obl punct parataxis obj mark nsubj advcl punct punct root Informal ADJ : PUNCT to PART stop VERB something PRON : PUNCT kill VERB the DET engine NOUN , PUNCT kill NOUN time NOUN ( PUNCT do VERB something PRON while SCONJ you PRON wait VERB ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stop advcl 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 stop punct 3 to to PART _ 4 stop mark 4 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 stop obj 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 kill punct 7 kill kill VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 stop conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 engine det 9 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 7 kill obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 time punct 11 kill kill NOUN Number=Sing 12 time compound 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 kill obl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 do punct 14 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 kill parataxis 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 do obj 16 while while SCONJ _ 18 wait mark 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 wait nsubj 18 wait wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 do advcl 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 do punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop to-infinitive something vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality something=Eventuality 2 kill infinitive the engine time vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Theme 3 do infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 wait present you vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 A noun: an animal killed by a hunter, such as a lion's kill.
The tree, 14 words det punct det appos acl case det obl punct case fixed det nmod:poss case conj punct root A DET noun NOUN : PUNCT an DET animal NOUN killed VERB by ADP a DET hunter NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET lion NOUN 's PART kill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 noun det 2 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 animal punct 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 animal det 5 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 2 noun appos 6 killed kill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 animal acl 7 by by ADP _ 9 hunter case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hunter det 9 hunter hunter NOUN Number=Sing 6 killed obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 16 kill punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 16 kill case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 lion det 14 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 16 kill nmod:poss 15 's 's PART _ 14 lion case 16 kill kill NOUN Number=Sing 9 hunter conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 noun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill participle a animal not said here by a hunter and a lion's kill vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 kill a lion nom kill «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Lions kill zebras for food.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Lions NOUN kill VERB zebras NOUN for ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 2 kill nsubj 2 kill kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 zebras zebra NOUN Number=Plur 2 kill obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 kill obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 kill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present Lions zebras for food vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zebra=Theme
Example 2 Soap kills germs on your hands.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Soap NOUN kills VERB germs NOUN on ADP your PRON hands NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soap soap NOUN Number=Sing 2 kills nsubj 2 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 2 kills obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 hands case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hands nmod:poss 6 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 3 germs nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 kills punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present Soap germs your hands vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme
Example 3 The frost killed the tomato plants.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET frost NOUN killed VERB the DET tomato NOUN plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 frost det 2 frost frost NOUN Number=Sing 3 killed nsubj 3 killed kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 plants det 5 tomato tomato NOUN Number=Sing 6 plants compound 6 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past the frost the tomato plants vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme
Example 4 Electricity can kill — never touch wires.
nsubj aux punct advmod conj obj punct root Electricity NOUN can AUX kill VERB — PUNCT never ADV touch VERB wires NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 3 kill nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 kill aux 3 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 — - PUNCT _ 6 touch punct 5 never never ADV PronType=Neg 6 touch advmod 6 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 kill conj 7 wires wire NOUN Number=Plur 6 touch obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 kill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill can Electricity vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 not touch infinitive Electricity not said here wires vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wire=Co-Theme
Example 5 We played cards to kill time at the airport.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj case det obl punct root We PRON played VERB cards NOUN to PART kill VERB time NOUN at ADP the DET airport NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 played nsubj 2 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 2 played obj 4 to to PART _ 5 kill mark 5 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 played advcl 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 kill obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 airport case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 airport det 9 airport airport NOUN Number=Sing 5 kill obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past We cards vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme 2 kill to-infinitive We not said here the airport time vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 My new shoes are killing me!
nmod:poss amod nsubj aux obj punct root My PRON new ADJ shoes NOUN are AUX killing VERB me PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 shoes nmod:poss 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shoes amod 3 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 killing nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 killing aux 5 killing kill VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 killing obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 killing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present · progressive My new shoes me vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
Example 7 Killer whales are actually large dolphins.
compound nsubj cop advmod amod punct root Killer NOUN whales NOUN are AUX actually ADV large ADJ dolphins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Killer killer NOUN Number=Sing 2 whales compound 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 6 dolphins nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dolphins cop 4 actually actually ADV _ 5 large advmod 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dolphins amod 6 dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 dolphins punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Killer whales large dolphins tree rules
Example 8 Weed killer is poison, so keep away from it.
compound nsubj cop punct advmod acl:relcl advmod case obl punct root Weed NOUN killer NOUN is AUX poison NOUN , PUNCT so ADV keep VERB away ADV from ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Weed weed NOUN Number=Sing 2 killer compound 2 killer killer NOUN Number=Sing 4 poison nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 poison cop 4 poison poison NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 keep punct 6 so so ADV _ 7 keep advmod 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 poison acl:relcl 8 away away ADV _ 7 keep advmod 9 from from ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 keep obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 poison punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Weed killer poison tree rules 2 keep away infinitive poison not said here killer away property vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from it=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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