lad Who acts: lad, lads, friendly way, loud young man, He, good lad · What happens: be, talk, act, do, help, come on · To what, where: boy, group, friendly way, loud young man, good lad, gran · Speech: someone speaks here
«lad» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lad in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: informal, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.
A lad is a boy or young man.
det nsubj cop det cc amod conj punct root A DET lad NOUN is AUX a DET boy NOUN or CCONJ young ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lad det 2 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 5 boy nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 boy cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 boy det 5 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 man cc 7 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 8 man amod 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 boy conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 boy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lad a boy or young man tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
"The lads" are a group of male friends.
punct det nsubj punct cop det case amod nmod punct root " PUNCT The DET lads NOUN " PUNCT are AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP male ADJ friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 group punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lads det 3 lads lad NOUN Number=Plur 7 group nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 lads punct 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 group cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 group det 7 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 friends case 9 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 10 friends amod 10 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 7 group nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the lads a group of male friends tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
"Lad" is a friendly way of talking to a boy.
punct nsubj punct cop det amod mark acl case det obl punct root " PUNCT Lad NOUN " PUNCT is AUX a DET friendly ADJ way NOUN of SCONJ talking VERB to ADP a DET boy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Lad punct 2 Lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 7 way nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Lad punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 way cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 way det 6 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 way amod 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of SCONJ _ 9 talking mark 9 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 way acl 10 to to ADP _ 12 boy case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 boy det 12 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 9 talking obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lad a friendly way tree rules 2 talk gerund a friendly way not said here to a boy vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to boy=Co-Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Well done, lad!"
punct advmod punct vocative punct punct root " PUNCT Well ADV done VERB , PUNCT lad NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 done punct 2 Well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 done advmod 3 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 lad punct 5 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 3 done vocative 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 done punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 done punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote participle lad vocative ; well property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: slang, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A "lad" or "laddish" person is a loud young man who acts tough or rough.
The tree, 15 words det punct nsubj punct cc punct amod punct conj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl xcomp cc conj punct root A DET " PUNCT lad NOUN " PUNCT or CCONJ " PUNCT laddish ADJ " PUNCT person NOUN is AUX a DET loud ADJ young ADJ man NOUN who PRON acts VERB tough ADJ or CCONJ rough ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lad det 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 lad punct 3 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 14 man nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 lad punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 9 person cc 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 laddish punct 7 laddish laddish ADJ Degree=Pos 9 person amod 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 laddish punct 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 lad conj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 man cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 man det 12 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 14 man amod 13 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 14 man amod 14 man man NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 who who PRON PronType=Rel 16 acts nsubj 16 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 man acl:relcl 17 tough tough ADJ Degree=Pos 16 acts xcomp 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 rough cc 19 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 17 tough conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 14 man punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lad or laddish person a loud young man tree rules 2 act present a loud young man tough property vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 He's a good lad who helps his gran.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON 's AUX a DET good ADJ lad NOUN who PRON helps VERB his PRON gran NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 lad nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lad cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lad det 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 lad amod 5 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 helps nsubj 7 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lad acl:relcl 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 gran nmod:poss 9 gran gran NOUN Number=Sing 7 helps obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 lad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He a good lad tree rules 2 help present a good lad his gran vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gran=Beneficiary
Example 2 Come on, lads, let's play footy!
advmod punct obl punct parataxis obj xcomp obj punct root Come VERB on ADV , PUNCT lads NOUN , PUNCT let VERB 's PRON play VERB footy NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Come come VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADV _ 1 Come advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 lads punct 4 lads lad NOUN Number=Plur 1 Come obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 let punct 6 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Come parataxis 7 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 let obj 8 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let xcomp 9 footy footy NOUN Number=Sing 8 play obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come on imperative you not said here lads vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 let infinitive 's tree rules 3 play infinitive 's not said here footy vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footy=Theme
Example 3 When I was a lad, we walked to school.
advmod nsubj cop det punct nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root When ADV I PRON was AUX a DET lad NOUN , PUNCT we PRON walked VERB to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 5 lad advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 lad nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lad cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lad det 5 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 lad punct 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 walked nsubj 8 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lad acl:relcl 9 to to ADP _ 10 school case 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 walked obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 lad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past I a lad tree rules 2 walk past we a lad not said here school vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent lad=Theme to school=Trajectory
Example 4 "Well played, lad," said the coach.
punct discourse ccomp punct vocative punct punct det nsubj punct root " PUNCT Well INTJ played VERB , PUNCT lad NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET coach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 played punct 2 Well well INTJ _ 3 played discourse 3 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 said ccomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 lad punct 5 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 3 played vocative 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 played punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 played punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 coach det 10 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play in a quote participle lad vocative vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past the coach vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 5 A young lad found the lost puppy.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root A DET young ADJ lad NOUN found VERB the DET lost VERB puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lad det 2 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lad amod 3 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 4 found nsubj 4 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 puppy det 6 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 puppy amod 7 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 found obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past a young lad the lost puppy vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Topic 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The lads went fishing on Saturday.
det nsubj xcomp case obl punct root The DET lads NOUN went VERB fishing VERB on ADP Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lads det 2 lads lad NOUN Number=Plur 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fishing fish VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 went xcomp 5 on on ADP _ 6 Saturday case 6 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 4 fishing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the lads vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fish gerund the lads not said here saturday vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Our lad is starting high school next week.
nmod:poss nsubj aux amod obj amod obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON lad NOUN is AUX starting VERB high ADJ school NOUN next ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 lad nmod:poss 2 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 4 starting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 starting aux 4 starting start VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 6 school amod 6 school school NOUN Number=Sing 4 starting obj 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 week amod 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 4 starting obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 starting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present · progressive Our lad high school week vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Eventuality
Example 8 Three lads and two lasses joined the club.
nummod nsubj cc nummod conj det obj punct root Three NUM lads NOUN and CCONJ two NUM lasses NOUN joined VERB the DET club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 lads nummod 2 lads lad NOUN Number=Plur 6 joined nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 lasses cc 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 lasses nummod 5 lasses lass NOUN Number=Plur 2 lads conj 6 joined join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 club det 8 club club NOUN Number=Sing 6 joined obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 joined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join past Three lads and two lasses the club vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient
Example 9 "Father," answered the lad, "hear me!
punct nsubj punct punct det obj punct punct conj obj punct root " PUNCT Father PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT answered VERB the DET lad NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT hear VERB me PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Father punct 2 Father Father PROPN Number=Sing 5 answered nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Father punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 2 Father punct 5 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lad det 7 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 5 answered obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 hear punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 hear punct 10 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 answered conj 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 hear obj 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 answered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: express past Father the lad vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent lad=Eventuality 2 hear in a quote infinitive Father not said here Father vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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