lagging Who acts: Lagging, lagging game, connection, little brother, you, pipes · What happens: mean, fall behind, move, be, wrap, keep in · To what, where: Lagging material, pipes, heat, boilers, walk
«lagging» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lagging in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Lagging means falling behind, moving more slowly than others.
nsubj xcomp advmod punct advcl advmod advmod case obl punct root Lagging NOUN means VERB falling VERB behind ADV , PUNCT moving VERB more ADV slowly ADV than ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lagging lagging NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 falling fall VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 behind behind ADV _ 3 falling advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 moving punct 6 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 falling advcl 7 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 8 slowly advmod 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 6 moving advmod 9 than than ADP _ 10 others case 10 others other NOUN Number=Plur 6 moving obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Lagging vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fall behind not said to happen gerund Lagging not said here behind property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 move gerund Lagging not said here than others; slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Lagging is material wrapped around pipes, tanks or boilers to keep heat in and stop them freezing.
The tree, 17 words compound cop acl case obl punct conj cc conj mark advcl obj compound:prt cc conj obj xcomp punct root Lagging NOUN is AUX material NOUN wrapped VERB around ADP pipes NOUN , PUNCT tanks NOUN or CCONJ boilers NOUN to PART keep VERB heat NOUN in ADP and CCONJ stop VERB them PRON freezing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lagging lagging NOUN Number=Sing 3 material compound 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 material cop 3 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 wrapped wrap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 material acl 5 around around ADP _ 6 pipes case 6 pipes pipe NOUN Number=Plur 4 wrapped obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 tanks punct 8 tanks tank NOUN Number=Plur 6 pipes conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 boilers cc 10 boilers boiler NOUN Number=Plur 6 pipes conj 11 to to PART _ 12 keep mark 12 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 wrapped advcl 13 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 12 keep obj 14 in in ADP _ 12 keep compound:prt 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 stop cc 16 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 keep conj 17 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 stop obj 18 freezing freeze VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 stop xcomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lagging material tree rules 2 wrap participle Lagging material not said here pipes and tanks or boilers vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme around pipe=Destination 3 keep in to-infinitive heat vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme 4 stop infinitive boilers = boiler tree rules 5 freeze gerund vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: computing, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A lagging game or video call is slow and jerky because the connection or computer cannot keep up.
The tree, 19 words det compound nsubj cc compound conj cop cc conj mark det nsubj cc conj aux advmod advcl compound:prt punct root A DET lagging NOUN game NOUN or CCONJ video NOUN call NOUN is AUX slow ADJ and CCONJ jerky ADJ because SCONJ the DET connection NOUN or CCONJ computer NOUN can AUX not PART keep VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 game det 2 lagging lagging NOUN Number=Sing 3 game compound 3 game game NOUN Number=Sing 8 slow nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 call cc 5 video video NOUN Number=Sing 6 call compound 6 call call NOUN Number=Sing 3 game conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 slow cop 8 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 jerky cc 10 jerky jerky ADJ Degree=Pos 8 slow conj 11 because because SCONJ _ 18 keep mark 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 connection det 13 connection connection NOUN Number=Sing 18 keep nsubj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 computer cc 15 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 13 connection conj 16 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 keep aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 keep advmod 18 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 slow advcl 19 up up ADP _ 18 keep compound:prt 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 slow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a lagging game or video call slow property tree rules 2 be a lagging game or video call not said here tree rules 3 not keep up can the connection or computer vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
Example 1 My little brother was lagging behind on the walk.
nmod:poss amod nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN was AUX lagging VERB behind ADV on ADP the DET walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 lagging nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lagging aux 5 lagging lag VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 behind behind ADV _ 5 lagging advmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 walk case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 walk det 9 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 5 lagging obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 lagging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lag behind past · progressive My little brother the walk behind property tree rules
Example 2 Put lagging on the pipes so they don't freeze in winter.
xcomp case det obl advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl case obl punct root Put VERB lagging VERB on ADP the DET pipes NOUN so ADV they PRON do AUX n't PART freeze VERB in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 lagging lag VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Put xcomp 3 on on ADP _ 5 pipes case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pipes det 5 pipes pipe NOUN Number=Plur 2 lagging obl 6 so so ADV _ 10 freeze advmod 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 freeze nsubj 8 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 freeze aux 9 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 10 freeze advmod 10 freeze freeze VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 lagging advcl 11 in in ADP _ 12 winter case 12 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 10 freeze obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here tree rules 2 lag gerund you not said here the pipes tree rules 3 not freeze present · do-support pipes = pipe winter vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The game is lagging because the Wi-Fi is slow.
det nsubj aux mark det compound punct nsubj cop advcl punct root The DET game NOUN is AUX lagging VERB because SCONJ the DET Wi PROPN - PUNCT Fi NOUN is AUX slow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 game det 2 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 lagging nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lagging aux 4 lagging lag VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 11 slow mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Fi det 7 Wi Wi PROPN Number=Sing 9 Fi compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 Wi punct 9 Fi fi NOUN Number=Sing 11 slow nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 slow cop 11 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 4 lagging advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 lagging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lag present · progressive the game tree rules 2 is present the Wi Fi slow property tree rules
Example 4 Our team is lagging in the league this season.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case det obl det obj punct root Our PRON team NOUN is AUX lagging VERB in ADP the DET league NOUN this DET season NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 lagging nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lagging aux 4 lagging lag VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 league case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 league det 7 league league NOUN Number=Sing 4 lagging obl 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 season det 9 season season NOUN Number=Sing 4 lagging obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 lagging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lag present · progressive Our team season in the league tree rules
Example 5 The lagging around the hot water tank keeps the heat in.
det nsubj case det amod compound nmod det obj compound:prt punct root The DET lagging NOUN around ADP the DET hot ADJ water NOUN tank NOUN keeps VERB the DET heat NOUN in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lagging det 2 lagging lagging NOUN Number=Sing 8 keeps nsubj 3 around around ADP _ 7 tank case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tank det 5 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tank amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 tank compound 7 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 2 lagging nmod 8 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 heat det 10 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 8 keeps obj 11 in in ADP _ 8 keeps compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep in present the lagging around the hot water tank the heat vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
Example 6 Stop lagging and hurry up!
xcomp cc conj compound:prt punct root Stop VERB lagging VERB and CCONJ hurry VERB up ADP ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 lagging lag VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 hurry cc 4 hurry hurry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 up up ADP _ 4 hurry compound:prt 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 lag gerund you not said here tree rules 3 hurry up infinitive you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The video call was lagging, so her face froze.
det compound nsubj aux punct advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct root The DET video NOUN call NOUN was AUX lagging VERB , PUNCT so ADV her PRON face NOUN froze VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 call det 2 video video NOUN Number=Sing 3 call compound 3 call call NOUN Number=Sing 5 lagging nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lagging aux 5 lagging lag VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 froze punct 7 so so ADV _ 10 froze advmod 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 face nmod:poss 9 face face NOUN Number=Sing 10 froze nsubj 10 froze freeze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lagging advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 lagging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lag past · progressive the video call tree rules 2 freeze past call's face vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 It always went too fast, but that is better than to be lagging behind.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod advmod advmod punct cc nsubj cop parataxis mark mark aux advcl advmod punct root It PRON always ADV went VERB too ADV fast ADV , PUNCT but CCONJ that PRON is AUX better ADJ than SCONJ to PART be AUX lagging VERB behind ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 went nsubj 2 always always ADV PronType=Tot 3 went advmod 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 too too ADV _ 5 fast advmod 5 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 3 went advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 better punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 10 better cc 8 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 better nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 better cop 10 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 went parataxis 11 than than SCONJ _ 14 lagging mark 12 to to PART _ 14 lagging mark 13 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 lagging aux 14 lagging lag VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 better advcl 15 behind behind ADV _ 14 lagging advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past It always, fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present that good property tree rules 3 lag behind to-infinitive · progressive that not said here behind property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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