laid Who acts: hen, you, She, hens, He, goose · What happens: lay, be, put down, use, make, mean · To what, where: Laid past, something, egg, table, plates, cutlery · Speech: someone speaks here
«laid» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: laid in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Laid is the past of lay: to put something down carefully, often flat.
The tree, 13 words amod cop det case nmod punct mark parataxis obj compound:prt advmod punct advmod conj punct root Laid VERB is AUX the DET past NOUN of ADP lay NOUN : PUNCT to PART put VERB something PRON down ADP carefully ADV , PUNCT often ADV flat ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laid lay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 past amod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 past cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 past det 4 past past NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 lay case 6 lay lay NOUN Number=Sing 4 past nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 put punct 8 to to PART _ 9 put mark 9 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 past parataxis 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 put obj 11 down down ADP _ 9 put compound:prt 12 carefully carefully ADV _ 9 put advmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 flat punct 14 often often ADV _ 15 flat advmod 15 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 9 put conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 past punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the Laid past of lay tree rules 3 put down to-infinitive something carefully property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
She laid the baby in the cot.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root She PRON laid VERB the DET baby NOUN in ADP the DET cot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 baby det 4 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 cot case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cot det 7 cot cot NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past She the baby the cot vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent baby=Theme in cot=Destination
Meaning 2 Laid is used when a hen or another animal made an egg.
mark aux:pass mark det nsubj cc det conj advcl det obj punct root Laid VERB is AUX used VERB when SCONJ a DET hen NOUN or CCONJ another DET animal NOUN made VERB an DET egg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laid lay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 used mark 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 10 made mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hen det 6 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing 10 made nsubj 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 animal cc 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 animal det 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 6 hen conj 10 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 used advcl 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 egg det 12 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 use present · passive vn eat-39.1 «NP V» 3 make past a hen or another animal a egg vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Product
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The hen laid an egg.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET hen NOUN laid VERB an DET egg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hen det 2 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid nsubj 3 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 egg det 5 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past the hen a egg vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
Meaning 3 Laid the table means put plates and cutlery on it.
nsubj det obj ccomp obj cc conj case obl punct root Laid VERB the DET table NOUN means VERB put VERB plates NOUN and CCONJ cutlery NOUN on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 table det 3 table table NOUN Number=Sing 1 Laid obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 6 plates plate NOUN Number=Plur 5 put obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 cutlery cc 8 cutlery cutlery NOUN Number=Sing 6 plates conj 9 on on ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 put obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past the table vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Result 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 put infinitive plates and cutlery cutlery vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent plate=Theme on it=Destination
Meaning 4 Laid back (informal) means calm and relaxed.
nsubj advmod punct obl punct xcomp cc conj punct root Laid VERB back ADV ( PUNCT informal NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB calm ADJ and CCONJ relaxed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laid lay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 means nsubj 2 back back ADV _ 1 Laid advmod 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 informal punct 4 informal informal NOUN Number=Sing 1 Laid obl 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 informal punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 relaxed cc 9 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 7 calm conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay back participle informal vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present calm property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Laid can also mean arranged or prepared in advance, as when you lay plans for a trip.
The tree, 17 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp cc conj case obl punct mark advmod nsubj parataxis obj case det obl punct root Laid VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB arranged VERB or CCONJ prepared VERB in ADP advance NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ when ADV you PRON lay VERB plans NOUN for ADP a DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laid lay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 arranged arrange VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 mean xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 prepared cc 7 prepared prepare VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 arranged conj 8 in in ADP _ 9 advance case 9 advance advance NOUN Number=Sing 7 prepared obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 lay punct 11 as as SCONJ _ 14 lay mark 12 when when ADV PronType=Int 14 lay advmod 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 lay nsubj 14 lay lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean parataxis 15 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 14 lay obj 16 for for ADP _ 18 trip case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 trip det 18 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 14 lay obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 arrange not said to happen participle vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 prepare participle advance vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5 lay present you plans for a trip vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent plan=Result for trip=Beneficiary
Example 1 The hens laid 24 eggs.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET hens NOUN laid VERB 24 NUM eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hens det 2 hens hen NOUN Number=Plur 3 laid nsubj 3 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 eggs nummod 5 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 3 laid obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past the hens 24 eggs vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
Example 2 He laid 5 rows of 10 bricks.
nsubj nummod obj case nummod nmod punct root He PRON laid VERB 5 NUM rows NOUN of ADP 10 NUM bricks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 rows nummod 4 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 2 laid obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 bricks case 6 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 bricks nummod 7 bricks brick NOUN Number=Plur 4 rows nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past He 5 rows of 10 bricks vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Result
Example 3 She laid 3 books on the table.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root She PRON laid VERB 3 NUM books NOUN on ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 laid obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past She 3 books the table vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme on table=Destination
Example 4 How many eggs were laid in a week?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ eggs NOUN were AUX laid VERB in ADP a DET week NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 eggs amod 3 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 5 laid nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 laid aux:pass 5 laid lay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 week case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 week det 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 5 laid obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past · passive many eggs week vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
Example 5 The goose laid a golden egg.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET goose NOUN laid VERB a DET golden ADJ egg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goose det 2 goose goose NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid nsubj 3 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 egg det 5 golden golden ADJ Degree=Pos 6 egg amod 6 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past the goose a golden egg vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
Example 6 I laid the table for dinner.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root I PRON laid VERB the DET table NOUN for ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 table det 4 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 dinner case 6 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past I the table for dinner vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent table=Result for dinner=Beneficiary
Example 7 The turtle laid her eggs in the sand.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET turtle NOUN laid VERB her PRON eggs NOUN in ADP the DET sand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 turtle det 2 turtle turtle NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid nsubj 3 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 eggs nmod:poss 5 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 3 laid obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 sand case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sand det 8 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 3 laid obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past the turtle turtle's eggs the sand vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in sand=Destination
Example 8 He laid his coat over the chair.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON laid VERB his PRON coat NOUN over ADP the DET chair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 coat nmod:poss 4 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obj 5 over over ADP _ 7 chair case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 chair det 7 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past He his coat the chair vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme over chair=Destination
Example 9 Uncle Pete is very laid back.
compound nsubj cop advmod advmod punct root Uncle PROPN Pete PROPN is AUX very ADV laid ADJ back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 2 Pete compound 2 Pete Pete PROPN Number=Sing 5 laid nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 laid cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 laid advmod 5 laid laid ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 back back ADV _ 5 laid advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Uncle Pete laid property tree rules
Example 10 Nigel and the Princess laid their plans.
nsubj cc det conj nmod:poss obj punct root Nigel PROPN and CCONJ the DET Princess PROPN laid VERB their PRON plans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nigel Nigel PROPN Number=Sing 5 laid nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 Princess cc 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Princess det 4 Princess Princess PROPN Number=Sing 1 Nigel conj 5 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 plans nmod:poss 7 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 5 laid obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past Nigel and the Princess Nigel's plans vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Result 2 plan Nigel nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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