lame Who acts: joke, lame excuse, one, people, Jesus, horse · What happens: walk, hurt, use, be, believe, not walk · To what, where: weak one, lame, hoof, homework, lame excuse, lame man · Speech: someone speaks here
«lame» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lame in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Unable to walk normally because of a hurt leg or foot (used mostly about animals, especially horses).
The tree, 17 words mark xcomp advmod case fixed det amod obl cc conj punct conj advmod case obl punct advmod appos punct punct root Unable ADJ to PART walk VERB normally ADV because ADP of ADP a DET hurt VERB leg NOUN or CCONJ foot NOUN ( PUNCT used VERB mostly ADV about ADP animals NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV horses NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 to to PART _ 3 walk mark 3 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Unable xcomp 4 normally normally ADV _ 3 walk advmod 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 leg case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 leg det 8 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 leg amod 9 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 3 walk obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 foot cc 11 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 9 leg conj 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 used punct 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Unable conj 14 mostly mostly ADV _ 13 used advmod 15 about about ADP _ 16 animals case 16 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 13 used obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 horses punct 18 especially especially ADV _ 19 horses advmod 19 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 16 animals appos 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 19 horses punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 1 Unable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk to-infinitive because a hurt leg or foot; normally property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hurt participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 use participle about animals; mostly property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, slang — kept apart, not parsed.
Boring, weak or not cool: «That joke is lame».
punct conj cc advmod conj punct punct det nsubj cop parataxis punct punct root Boring ADJ , PUNCT weak ADJ or CCONJ not PART cool ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT That DET joke NOUN is AUX lame ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 weak punct 3 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Boring conj 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 cool cc 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 cool advmod 6 cool cool ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Boring conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 12 lame punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 12 lame punct 9 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 joke det 10 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 12 lame nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 lame cop 12 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Boring parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 lame punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Boring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present that joke lame property tree rules
Meaning 3 A lame excuse is a weak one that no one believes.
det amod nsubj cop det amod obj det nsubj acl:relcl punct root A DET lame ADJ excuse NOUN is AUX a DET weak ADJ one NOUN that PRON no DET one NOUN believes VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 excuse det 2 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos 3 excuse amod 3 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 7 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 one cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 one det 6 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 7 one amod 7 one one NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 believes obj 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 one det 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 11 believes nsubj 11 believes believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 one acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lame excuse a weak one tree rules 2 believe present no one a weak one vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
Meaning 4 Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.
Old word for people who cannot walk; Jesus healed the lame.
amod case nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct nsubj conj det obj punct root Old ADJ word NOUN for ADP people NOUN who PRON can AUX not PART walk VERB ; PUNCT Jesus PROPN healed VERB the DET lame NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 word amod 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 people case 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 word nmod 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 walk nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 walk aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 walk advmod 8 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 people acl:relcl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 healed punct 10 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 11 healed nsubj 11 healed heal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 word conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 lame det 13 lame lame NOUN Number=Sing 11 healed obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not walk can people vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 heal past Jesus the lame vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lame=Patient
Example 1 The horse went lame after it hurt its hoof.
det nsubj advmod mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root The DET horse NOUN went VERB lame ADV after SCONJ it PRON hurt VERB its PRON hoof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 lame lame ADV _ 3 went advmod 5 after after SCONJ _ 7 hurt mark 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 hurt nsubj 7 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 went advcl 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hoof nmod:poss 9 hoof hoof NOUN Number=Sing 7 hurt obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the horse lame property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hurt past horse horse's hoof vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hoof=Patient
Example 2 «The dog ate my homework» is a lame excuse.
punct det nsubj csubj nmod:poss obj punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT The DET dog NOUN ate VERB my PRON homework NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET lame ADJ excuse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 ate punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 ate nsubj 4 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 excuse csubj 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 homework nmod:poss 6 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 4 ate obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 ate punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 excuse cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 excuse det 10 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos 11 excuse amod 11 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote past the dog my homework vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Patient 2 is a present a lame excuse tree rules
Example 3 That film was so lame! (slang)
Sentence 1: That film was so lame!
det nsubj cop advmod punct root That DET film NOUN was AUX so ADV lame ADJ ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 5 lame nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lame cop 4 so so ADV _ 5 lame advmod 5 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 lame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past that film lame property tree rules
Sentence 2: (slang)
punct punct root ( PUNCT slang NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 2 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 slang punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 In the Bible story, Jesus made the lame man walk.
case det compound obl punct nsubj det amod obj xcomp punct root In ADP the DET Bible PROPN story NOUN , PUNCT Jesus PROPN made VERB the DET lame ADJ man NOUN walk VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 story det 3 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 4 story compound 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 story punct 6 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 7 made nsubj 7 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 man det 9 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos 10 man amod 10 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obj 11 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 made xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Jesus the lame man the Bible story tree rules 2 walk infinitive the lame man not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The President was a lame duck in his last months.
det nsubj cop det amod case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET President PROPN was AUX a DET lame ADJ duck NOUN in ADP his PRON last ADJ months NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 President det 2 President President PROPN Number=Sing 6 duck nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 duck cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 duck det 5 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos 6 duck amod 6 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 10 months case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 months nmod:poss 9 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 10 months amod 10 months month NOUN Number=Plur 6 duck obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 duck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the President a lame duck month tree rules
Example 6 His jokes are lame but we laugh anyway.
nmod:poss nsubj cop cc nsubj conj advmod punct root His PRON jokes NOUN are AUX lame ADJ but CCONJ we PRON laugh VERB anyway ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 jokes nmod:poss 2 jokes joke NOUN Number=Plur 4 lame nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lame cop 4 lame lame ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 laugh cc 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 laugh nsubj 7 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lame conj 8 anyway anyway ADV _ 7 laugh advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 lame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present His jokes lame property tree rules 2 laugh present we anyway property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 joke His = he nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Now I am lame for life!
advmod nsubj cop case nmod punct root Now ADV I PRON am AUX lame NOUN for ADP life NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 lame advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 lame nsubj 3 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lame cop 4 lame lame NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 life case 6 life life NOUN Number=Sing 4 lame nmod 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 lame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present I lame now for life tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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