lark Who acts: lark, small brown songbird, person, skylark, We, you · What happens: be, sing, fly, do, lark about, lark around · To what, where: small brown songbird, something, silly noisy way, kind, jokey way, person · Speech: someone speaks here
«lark» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lark in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A lark is a small brown songbird that sings while flying high, such as the skylark.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl xcomp punct case fixed det obl punct root A DET lark NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ brown ADJ songbird NOUN that PRON sings VERB while SCONJ flying VERB high ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET skylark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lark det 2 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 7 songbird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 songbird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 songbird det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 songbird amod 6 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 7 songbird amod 7 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 sings nsubj 9 sings sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 songbird acl:relcl 10 while while SCONJ _ 11 flying mark 11 flying fly VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 sings advcl 12 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 11 flying xcomp 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 skylark punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 skylark case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 skylark det 17 skylark skylark NOUN Number=Sing 12 high obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 songbird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lark a small brown songbird tree rules 2 sing speech: express present a small brown songbird vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 fly gerund a small brown songbird not said here high property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A lark is something done for fun or as a joke.
det nsubj cop acl case obl cc case det conj punct root A DET lark NOUN is AUX something PRON done VERB for ADP fun NOUN or CCONJ as ADP a DET joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lark det 2 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 something acl 6 for for ADP _ 7 fun case 7 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 5 done obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 joke cc 9 as as ADP _ 11 joke case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 joke det 11 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 7 fun conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lark something tree rules 2 do participle for fun or a joke vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To lark about or lark around is to play in a silly, noisy way.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl advmod cc conj advmod cop mark case det amod punct amod obl punct root To PART lark VERB about ADV or CCONJ lark VERB around ADV is AUX to PART play VERB in ADP a DET silly ADJ , PUNCT noisy ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lark mark 2 lark lark VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 play advcl 3 about about ADV _ 2 lark advmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 lark cc 5 lark lark VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 lark conj 6 around around ADV _ 5 lark advmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 play cop 8 to to PART _ 9 play mark 9 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 in in ADP _ 15 way case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 way det 12 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 15 way amod 13 , , PUNCT _ 12 silly punct 14 noisy noisy ADJ Degree=Pos 15 way amod 15 way way NOUN Number=Sing 9 play obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lark about to-infinitive about property tree rules 2 lark around infinitive around property tree rules 3 is present a silly noisy way play property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
«This X lark» means a kind of activity, said in a slightly jokey or fed-up way.
The tree, 17 words punct det case nsubj punct det obj case nmod punct conj case det advmod amod cc conj punct compound:prt obl punct root « PUNCT This DET X SYM lark NOUN » PUNCT means VERB a DET kind NOUN of ADP activity NOUN , PUNCT said VERB in ADP a DET slightly ADV jokey ADJ or CCONJ fed ADJ - PUNCT up ADP way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 lark punct 2 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 lark det 3 X X SYM ExtPos=ADP 4 lark case 4 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 lark punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 kind det 8 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 activity case 10 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing 8 kind nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 said punct 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 means conj 13 in in ADP _ 21 way case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 way det 15 slightly slightly ADV _ 16 jokey advmod 16 jokey jokey ADJ Degree=Pos 21 way amod 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 fed cc 18 fed fed ADJ Degree=Pos 16 jokey conj 19 - - PUNCT _ 20 up punct 20 up up ADP _ 18 fed compound:prt 21 way way NOUN Number=Sing 12 said obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present this lark a kind of activity vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic 2 say speech: assert past this lark not said here a jokey way vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in way=Manner
Meaning 5 A lark can also be a person who is cheerful, fond of fun and mischief.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det nsubj cop acl:relcl punct conj case obl cc conj punct root A DET lark NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON is AUX cheerful ADJ , PUNCT fond ADJ of ADP fun NOUN and CCONJ mischief NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lark det 2 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 7 person nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 person aux 4 also also ADV _ 7 person advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 person cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 cheerful nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cheerful cop 10 cheerful cheerful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 person acl:relcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 fond punct 12 fond fond ADJ Degree=Pos 7 person conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 fun case 14 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 12 fond obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 mischief cc 16 mischief mischief NOUN Number=Sing 14 fun conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a lark a person tree rules 2 is present a person cheerful property tree rules 3 be a lark not said here of fun and mischief tree rules
Example 1 A skylark sang high above the field.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root A DET skylark NOUN sang VERB high ADV above ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 skylark det 2 skylark skylark NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 high high ADV Degree=Pos 3 sang advmod 5 above above ADP _ 7 field case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 field det 7 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past a skylark the field high property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above field=Location
Example 2 We dressed up as pirates just for a lark.
nsubj compound:prt case obl advmod case det obl punct root We PRON dressed VERB up ADP as ADP pirates NOUN just ADV for ADP a DET lark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dressed nsubj 2 dressed dress VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 dressed compound:prt 4 as as ADP _ 5 pirates case 5 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 2 dressed obl 6 just just ADV _ 9 lark advmod 7 for for ADP _ 9 lark case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 lark det 9 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 2 dressed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 dressed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dress up past We as pirates; for a lark vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Stop larking about and line up!
xcomp advmod cc advcl compound:prt punct root Stop VERB larking VERB about ADV and CCONJ line VERB up ADP ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 larking lark VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 about about ADV _ 2 larking advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 line cc 5 line line VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 larking advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 line compound:prt 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 lark about gerund you not said here about property tree rules 3 line up present you not said here vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Grandma is up with the lark every morning.
nsubj cop advmod case det det obl:unmarked punct root Grandma NOUN is AUX up ADV with ADP the DET lark NOUN every DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 6 lark nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lark cop 3 up up ADV _ 6 lark advmod 4 with with ADP _ 6 lark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lark det 6 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 every every DET PronType=Tot 8 morning det 8 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 6 lark obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 lark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Grandma morning with the lark tree rules
Example 5 I'm a lark, not a night owl — I like mornings.
nsubj cop det punct advmod det compound conj punct nsubj parataxis obj punct root I PRON 'm AUX a DET lark NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET night NOUN owl NOUN — PUNCT I PRON like VERB mornings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 lark nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lark cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lark det 4 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 owl punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 owl advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 owl det 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 9 owl compound 9 owl owl NOUN Number=Sing 4 lark conj 10 — - PUNCT _ 12 like punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 like nsubj 12 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lark parataxis 13 mornings morning NOUN Number=Plur 12 like obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 lark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present I a lark and a night owl tree rules 2 like present I morning vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 6 «This homework lark is hard work,» said Dad.
punct det compound nsubj cop amod ccomp punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT This DET homework NOUN lark NOUN is AUX hard ADJ work NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Dad PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 7 work punct 2 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 lark det 3 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 4 lark compound 4 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 7 work nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 work cop 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 work amod 7 work work NOUN Number=Sing 10 said ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 work punct 9 » » PUNCT _ 10 said punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present this homework lark hard work tree rules 2 say speech: assert past Dad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The boys were larking around in the pool.
det nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root The DET boys NOUN were AUX larking VERB around ADV in ADP the DET pool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boys det 2 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 4 larking nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 larking aux 4 larking lark VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 around around ADV _ 4 larking advmod 6 in in ADP _ 8 pool case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pool det 8 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 4 larking obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 larking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lark around past · progressive the boys the pool around property tree rules
Example 8 I used to be called a complete lark.
nsubj mark aux:pass xcomp det amod xcomp punct root I PRON used VERB to PART be AUX called VERB a DET complete ADJ lark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 5 called mark 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 used xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lark det 7 complete complete ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lark amod 8 lark lark NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past I vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 call to-infinitive · passive I not said here a complete lark vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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