layer Who acts: layer, hen, cake, wall, many cans, thin layer · What happens: be, lie, layer, lay, have, hold · To what, where: one flat level, top, thin covering, surface, layers, clothes
«layer» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: layer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A layer is one flat level of something lying on top of or under another, like a layer of a cake.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop nummod amod case nmod acl case obl case cc conj nmod punct case det obl case det nmod punct root A DET layer NOUN is AUX one NUM flat ADJ level NOUN of ADP something PRON lying VERB on ADP top NOUN of ADP or CCONJ under ADP another DET , PUNCT like ADP a DET layer NOUN of ADP a DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 layer det 2 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 6 level nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 level cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 level nummod 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 level amod 6 level level NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 level nmod 9 lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 something acl 10 on on ADP _ 11 top case 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 lying obl 12 of of ADP _ 15 another case 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 under cc 14 under under ADP _ 12 of conj 15 another another DET PronType=Ind 11 top nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 layer punct 17 like like ADP _ 19 layer case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 layer det 19 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 9 lying obl 20 of of ADP _ 22 cake case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 cake det 22 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 19 layer nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 6 level punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a layer one flat level of something tree rules 2 lie gerund top of another like a layer of a cake vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A layer is a thin covering over a surface, like a layer of dust or paint.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct case det conj case nmod cc conj punct root A DET layer NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ covering NOUN over ADP a DET surface NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET layer NOUN of ADP dust NOUN or CCONJ paint NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 layer det 2 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 6 covering nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 covering cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 covering det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 covering amod 6 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 over over ADP _ 9 surface case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 surface det 9 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 6 covering nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 layer punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 layer case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 layer det 13 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 6 covering conj 14 of of ADP _ 15 dust case 15 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 13 layer nmod 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 paint cc 17 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 15 dust conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 covering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a layer a thin covering and a layer of dust or paint a surface tree rules
Meaning 3 To layer is to put things in layers, like layering clothes in cold weather.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl cop mark obj case obl punct mark advcl obj case amod obl punct root To PART layer NOUN is AUX to PART put VERB things NOUN in ADP layers NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ layering VERB clothes NOUN in ADP cold ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 layer mark 2 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 5 put advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 put cop 4 to to PART _ 5 put mark 5 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 put obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 layers case 8 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 5 put obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 layering punct 10 like like SCONJ _ 11 layering mark 11 layering layer VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 put advcl 12 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 11 layering obj 13 in in ADP _ 15 weather case 14 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 15 weather amod 15 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 11 layering obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present layers put property tree rules 2 layer gerund clothes cold weather tree rules
Meaning 4 A layer is a hen that lays eggs.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET layer NOUN is AUX a DET hen NOUN that PRON lays VERB eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 layer det 2 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 5 hen nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hen cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hen det 5 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 lays nsubj 7 lays lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hen acl:relcl 8 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 7 lays obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 hen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a layer a hen tree rules 2 lay present a hen eggs vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
Example 1 The cake has 3 layers.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET cake NOUN has VERB 3 NUM layers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cake det 2 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 layers nummod 5 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the cake 3 layers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient
Example 2 Each layer of the box holds 12 eggs.
det nsubj case det nmod nummod obj punct root Each DET layer NOUN of ADP the DET box NOUN holds VERB 12 NUM eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 layer det 2 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 6 holds nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 box case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 box det 5 box box NOUN Number=Sing 2 layer nmod 6 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 eggs nummod 8 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 6 holds obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each layer of the box 12 eggs vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme
Example 3 The wall has 20 layers of bricks.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root The DET wall NOUN has VERB 20 NUM layers NOUN of ADP bricks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wall det 2 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 layers nummod 5 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 bricks case 7 bricks brick NOUN Number=Plur 5 layers nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the wall 20 layers of bricks vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient
Example 4 How many cans are in 4 layers?
advmod amod nsubj cop case nummod punct root How ADV many ADJ cans NOUN are AUX in ADP 4 NUM layers NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cans amod 3 cans can NOUN Number=Plur 7 layers nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 layers cop 5 in in ADP _ 7 layers case 6 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 layers nummod 7 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 layers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many cans 4 layers tree rules
Example 5 A thin layer of dust covered the old book.
det amod nsubj case nmod det amod obj punct root A DET thin ADJ layer NOUN of ADP dust NOUN covered VERB the DET old ADJ book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 layer det 2 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 3 layer amod 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 6 covered nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 dust case 5 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 3 layer nmod 6 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 book det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 book amod 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 covered obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past a thin layer of dust the old book vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme book=Destination
Example 6 The Earth has three main layers: crust, mantle and core.
det nsubj nummod amod obj punct appos punct conj cc conj punct root The DET Earth PROPN has VERB three NUM main ADJ layers NOUN : PUNCT crust NOUN , PUNCT mantle NOUN and CCONJ core NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Earth det 2 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 layers nummod 5 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 6 layers amod 6 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 8 crust punct 8 crust crust NOUN Number=Sing 6 layers appos 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 mantle punct 10 mantle mantle NOUN Number=Sing 8 crust conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 core cc 12 core core NOUN Number=Sing 8 crust conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the Earth three main layers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient
Example 7 Wear layers on a cold day so you can take one off.
obj case det amod obl mark nsubj aux advcl obj compound:prt punct root Wear VERB layers NOUN on ADP a DET cold ADJ day NOUN so SCONJ you PRON can AUX take VERB one NUM off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 3 on on ADP _ 6 day case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 day det 5 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 day amod 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wear obl 7 so so SCONJ _ 10 take mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 take nsubj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 take aux 10 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wear advcl 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 take obj 12 off off ADP _ 10 take compound:prt 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here layers day vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent layer=Source 2 take off can you one vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
Example 8 The ozone layer protects us from the Sun's rays.
det compound nsubj obj case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET ozone NOUN layer NOUN protects VERB us PRON from ADP the DET Sun PROPN 's PART rays NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 layer det 2 ozone ozone NOUN Number=Sing 3 layer compound 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 4 protects nsubj 4 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 protects obj 6 from from ADP _ 10 rays case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Sun det 8 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 10 rays nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 Sun case 10 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 4 protects obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 protects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present the ozone layer us from the Sun's rays vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary from ray=Theme 2 ray the Sun nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 Put a layer of jam between the two cakes.
det obj case nmod case det nummod nmod punct root Put VERB a DET layer NOUN of ADP jam NOUN between ADP the DET two NUM cakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 layer det 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 jam case 5 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 3 layer nmod 6 between between ADP _ 9 cakes case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cakes det 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 cakes nummod 9 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 5 jam nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here a layer of jam between the two cakes vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent layer=Goal
Example 10 Then the magpie put another layer of mud over the twigs.
advmod det nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl punct root Then ADV the DET magpie NOUN put VERB another DET layer NOUN of ADP mud NOUN over ADP the DET twigs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 put advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 magpie det 3 magpie magpie NOUN Number=Sing 4 put nsubj 4 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 layer det 6 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 mud case 8 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer nmod 9 over over ADP _ 11 twigs case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 twigs det 11 twigs twig NOUN Number=Plur 4 put obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past the magpie another layer of mud the twigs then vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent layer=Theme over twig=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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