le Who acts: Le, French, It, you, le chat, teacher · What happens: mean, use, be, sound, not be, meet · To what, where: French, cat, English word, word, French names, le livre · Speech: someone speaks here
«le» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: le in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.
«Le» means «the» in French, used before a masculine word: «le chat» is «the cat».
The tree, 15 words punct nsubj punct punct det punct case nsubj punct acl case det amod obl punct punct compound appos punct cop punct det ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Le PROPN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT the DET » PUNCT in ADP French PROPN , PUNCT used VERB before ADP a DET masculine ADJ word NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT le NOUN chat NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT the DET cat NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Le punct 2 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Le punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 24 cat punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 French det 7 » » PUNCT _ 9 French punct 8 in in ADP _ 9 French case 9 French French PROPN Number=Sing 24 cat nsubj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 used punct 11 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 French acl 12 before before ADP _ 15 word case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 word det 14 masculine masculine ADJ Degree=Pos 15 word amod 15 word word NOUN Number=Sing 11 used obl 16 : : PUNCT _ 19 chat punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 19 chat punct 18 le le NOUN Number=Sing 19 chat compound 19 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 15 word appos 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 chat punct 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 cat cop 22 « « PUNCT _ 24 cat punct 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 cat det 24 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 means ccomp 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 cat punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Le vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 use participle the French not said here before a masculine word vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a in a quote present the French the cat tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It sounds like «luh» to an English ear, with a short soft vowel.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case punct discourse punct case det amod obl punct case det amod amod parataxis punct root It PRON sounds VERB like ADP « PUNCT luh INTJ » PUNCT to ADP an DET English ADJ ear NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET short ADJ soft ADJ vowel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sounds nsubj 2 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 like like ADP _ 5 luh case 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 luh punct 5 luh luh INTJ _ 2 sounds discourse 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 luh punct 7 to to ADP _ 10 ear case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ear det 9 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ear amod 10 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 2 sounds obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 vowel punct 12 with with ADP _ 16 vowel case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 vowel det 14 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 16 vowel amod 15 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 16 vowel amod 16 vowel vowel NOUN Number=Sing 2 sounds parataxis 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present It to a English ear vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ear=Experiencer
Meaning 3 It is not an English word, but you meet it in French names and phrases that English has borrowed.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop advmod det amod punct cc nsubj acl:relcl obj case amod obl cc conj nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl punct root It PRON is AUX not PART an DET English ADJ word NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ you PRON meet VERB it PRON in ADP French ADJ names NOUN and CCONJ phrases NOUN that PRON English PROPN has AUX borrowed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 word advmod 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 meet punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 10 meet cc 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 meet nsubj 10 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word acl:relcl 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 meet obj 12 in in ADP _ 14 names case 13 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 14 names amod 14 names name NOUN Number=Plur 10 meet obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 phrases cc 16 phrases phrase NOUN Number=Plur 14 names conj 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 borrowed nsubj:pass 18 English English PROPN Number=Sing 20 borrowed nsubj:pass 19 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 borrowed aux 20 borrowed borrow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 names acl:relcl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present It a English word tree rules 2 meet present you word French names and phrases vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent 3 borrow present · perfect · passive French names and phrases vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 1 In French, «le chat» means «the cat».
case obl punct punct compound nsubj punct punct det obj punct punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT le NOUN chat NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT the DET cat NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 8 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 French punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 chat punct 5 le le NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat compound 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 chat punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 cat punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 cat det 11 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 cat punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present le chat the cat in French vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot cat=Theme in french=Attribute
Example 2 Our teacher wrote «le livre» on the board and said it means «the book».
The tree, 14 words nmod:poss nsubj punct compound obj punct case det obl cc conj nsubj ccomp punct det obj punct punct root Our PRON teacher NOUN wrote VERB « PUNCT le NOUN livre NOUN » PUNCT on ADP the DET board NOUN and CCONJ said VERB it PRON means VERB « PUNCT the DET book NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 livre punct 5 le le NOUN Number=Sing 6 livre compound 6 livre livre NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 livre punct 8 on on ADP _ 10 board case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 board det 10 board board NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 said cc 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 wrote conj 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 means nsubj 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 said ccomp 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 book punct 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 book det 17 book book NOUN Number=Sing 14 means obj 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 book punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Our teacher le livre the board vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent livre=Theme on board=Destination 2 say speech: assert past Our teacher not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 mean present teacher the book vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic
Example 3 «Le» sounds a bit like «luh».
punct nsubj punct det obl:unmarked case punct discourse punct punct root « PUNCT Le PROPN » PUNCT sounds VERB a DET bit NOUN like ADP « PUNCT luh INTJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Le punct 2 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 4 sounds nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Le punct 4 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bit det 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 4 sounds obl:unmarked 7 like like ADP _ 9 luh case 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 luh punct 9 luh luh INTJ _ 4 sounds discourse 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 luh punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present Le a bit vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 The Quebec street sign said «Le Vieux-Port».
det compound compound nsubj punct nsubj compound punct parataxis punct punct root The DET Quebec PROPN street NOUN sign NOUN said VERB « PUNCT Le PROPN Vieux PROPN - PUNCT Port PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sign det 2 Quebec Quebec PROPN Number=Sing 4 sign compound 3 street street NOUN Number=Sing 4 sign compound 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 said nsubj 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 Port punct 7 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 10 Port nsubj 8 Vieux Vieux PROPN Number=Sing 10 Port compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 10 Port punct 10 Port Port PROPN Number=Sing 5 said parataxis 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 Port punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the Quebec street sign vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 5 In French class we sorted words into «le» words and «la» words.
The tree, 12 words case compound obl nsubj obj case punct compound punct obl cc punct nsubj punct conj punct root In ADP French PROPN class NOUN we PRON sorted VERB words NOUN into ADP « PUNCT le NOUN » PUNCT words NOUN and CCONJ « PUNCT la X » PUNCT words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 class case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 3 class compound 3 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 sorted obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 sorted nsubj 5 sorted sort VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 sorted obj 7 into into ADP _ 11 words case 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 le punct 9 le le NOUN Number=Sing 11 words compound 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 le punct 11 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 sorted obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 16 words cc 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 la punct 14 la la X _ 16 words nsubj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 la punct 16 words word NOUN Number=Plur 11 words conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 sorted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sort past we words in French class goal ; into le words and words vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent word=Theme in class=Goal 2 word la tree rules
Example 6 «Le garçon» means «the boy».
punct compound nsubj punct punct det obj punct punct root « PUNCT Le PROPN garçon NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT the DET boy NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 garçon punct 2 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 3 garçon compound 3 garçon garçon NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 garçon punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 boy punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 boy det 8 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 boy punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Le garçon the boy vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Topic
Example 7 The café in our town is called «Le Petit Café».
det nsubj:pass case nmod:poss nmod aux:pass punct compound compound xcomp punct punct root The DET café NOUN in ADP our PRON town NOUN is AUX called VERB « PUNCT Le PROPN Petit PROPN Café PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 café det 2 café café NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj:pass 3 in in ADP _ 5 town case 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 town nmod:poss 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 café nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 Café punct 9 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 11 Café compound 10 Petit Petit PROPN Number=Sing 11 Café compound 11 Café Café PROPN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 Café punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the café in our town vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 8 From ‘Le Foyer Breton,’ par E.
case punct compound flat punct punct compound list root From ADP ‘ PUNCT Le PROPN Foyer PROPN Breton PROPN , PUNCT ’ PUNCT par NOUN E. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 4 Foyer case 2 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 4 Foyer punct 3 Le Le PROPN Number=Sing 4 Foyer compound 4 Foyer Foyer PROPN Number=Sing root root 5 Breton Breton PROPN Number=Sing 4 Foyer flat 6 , , PUNCT _ 4 Foyer punct 7 ’ ' PUNCT _ 4 Foyer punct 8 par par NOUN Number=Sing 9 E. compound 9 E. E. PROPN Number=Sing 4 Foyer list
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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