lesson Who acts: lesson, you, That, I, first lesson, tortoise · What happens: be, teach, learn, happen, study, share · To what, where: time, you, something, part, lesson, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«lesson» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lesson in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A lesson is a time when you are taught something: a maths lesson.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl obj punct det compound appos punct root A DET lesson NOUN is AUX a DET time NOUN when ADV you PRON are AUX taught VERB something PRON : PUNCT a DET maths NOUN lesson NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lesson det 2 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 taught advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 taught nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 taught aux:pass 9 taught teach VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 time acl:relcl 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 taught obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 lesson punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 lesson det 13 maths maths NOUN Number=Sing 14 lesson compound 14 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 10 something appos 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lesson a time tree rules 2 teach speech: other present · passive you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient something=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A lesson is something you learn from what happens to you.
det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj ccomp case obl punct root A DET lesson NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON learn VERB from SCONJ what PRON happens VERB to ADP you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lesson det 2 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 learn nsubj 6 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 from from SCONJ _ 9 happens mark 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 happens nsubj 9 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 learn ccomp 10 to to ADP _ 11 you case 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 happens obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lesson something tree rules 2 learn present you vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 happen present you vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
That taught me a lesson.
nsubj iobj det obj punct root That PRON taught VERB me PRON a DET lesson NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 taught nsubj 2 taught teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 taught iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lesson det 5 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 2 taught obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 taught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other past That a lesson me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient lesson=Topic
Meaning 3 A lesson can be a part of a book or course to study.
det nsubj aux cop det case det nmod cc conj mark acl punct root A DET lesson NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET part NOUN of ADP a DET book NOUN or CCONJ course NOUN to PART study VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lesson det 2 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 part aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 part cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 part det 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 book case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 book det 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 course cc 11 course course NOUN Number=Sing 9 book conj 12 to to PART _ 13 study mark 13 study study VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 part acl 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a lesson a part of a book or course tree rules 2 study to-infinitive vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Today's lesson: Sharing equally.
nmod:poss case punct conj advmod punct root Today NOUN 's PART lesson NOUN : PUNCT Sharing VERB equally ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Today today NOUN Number=Sing 3 lesson nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Today case 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 Sharing punct 5 Sharing share VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 lesson conj 6 equally equally ADV _ 5 Sharing advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 lesson punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share gerund equally property tree rules
Example 2 Today's lesson: Multiplying as equal groups.
nmod:poss case punct acl case amod obl punct root Today NOUN 's PART lesson NOUN : PUNCT Multiplying VERB as ADP equal ADJ groups NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Today today NOUN Number=Sing 3 lesson nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Today case 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 Multiplying punct 5 Multiplying multiply VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 lesson acl 6 as as ADP _ 8 groups case 7 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 groups amod 8 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 5 Multiplying obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 lesson punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 multiply gerund Today's lesson not said here as equal groups vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Each lesson lasts 40 minutes.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET lesson NOUN lasts VERB 40 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 lesson det 2 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 3 lasts nsubj 3 lasts last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 3 lasts obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 lasts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last present each lesson minute vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 4 I have a swimming lesson on Saturday.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root I PRON have VERB a DET swimming NOUN lesson NOUN on ADP Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lesson det 4 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 5 lesson compound 5 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 on on ADP _ 7 Saturday case 7 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 5 lesson nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a swimming lesson on Saturday vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Patient
Example 5 Our first lesson today is science.
nmod:poss amod nsubj compound cop punct root Our PRON first ADJ lesson NOUN today NOUN is AUX science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 lesson nmod:poss 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 lesson amod 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 6 science nsubj 4 today today NOUN Number=Sing 6 science compound 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 science cop 6 science science NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 science punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Our first lesson today science tree rules
Example 6 The tortoise and the hare teaches a lesson: slow and steady wins.
det nsubj cc det conj det obj punct amod cc conj conj punct root The DET tortoise NOUN and CCONJ the DET hare NOUN teaches VERB a DET lesson NOUN : PUNCT slow ADJ and CCONJ steady ADJ wins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tortoise det 2 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 6 teaches nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 hare cc 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 hare det 5 hare hare NOUN Number=Sing 2 tortoise conj 6 teaches teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lesson det 8 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 6 teaches obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 wins punct 10 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 13 wins amod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 steady cc 12 steady steady ADJ Degree=Pos 10 slow conj 13 wins win NOUN Number=Plur 8 lesson conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 teaches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present the tortoise and the hare a lesson and slow wins vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lesson=Recipient
Example 7 I learned my lesson: always save my work.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct advmod advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON learned VERB my PRON lesson NOUN : PUNCT always ADV save VERB my PRON work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lesson nmod:poss 4 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obj 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 save punct 6 always always ADV PronType=Tot 7 save advmod 7 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learned advcl 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 work nmod:poss 9 work work NOUN Number=Sing 7 save obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past I my lesson vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Topic 2 save infinitive I not said here my work always property vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme 3 work my nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 We have 5 lessons each day.
nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON have VERB 5 NUM lessons NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 lessons nummod 4 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We 5 lessons day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Patient
Example 9 Oh, I took a lesson from the Ass."
discourse punct nsubj det obj case det obl punct punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT I PRON took VERB a DET lesson NOUN from ADP the DET Ass NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 4 took discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 took nsubj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lesson det 6 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 from from ADP _ 9 Ass case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Ass det 9 Ass ass NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past I a lesson the Ass vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent lesson=Theme from ass=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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