liar Who acts: liar, person, things, Calling, you, they · What happens: be, tell, say, know, not be, trick · To what, where: person, lies, things, someone, truth, wolf · Speech: someone speaks here
«liar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: liar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A liar is a person who tells lies, saying things they know are not true to trick someone.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct acl nsubj nsubj acl:relcl cop advmod ccomp mark advcl obj punct root A DET liar NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON tells VERB lies NOUN , PUNCT saying VERB things NOUN they PRON know VERB are AUX not PART true ADJ to PART trick VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 liar det 2 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 tells nsubj 7 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 7 tells obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 saying punct 10 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 person acl 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 16 true nsubj 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 know nsubj 13 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 things acl:relcl 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 true cop 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 true advmod 16 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 10 saying ccomp 17 to to PART _ 18 trick mark 18 trick trick VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 true advcl 19 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 trick obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a liar a person tree rules 2 tell speech: assert present a person lies vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient 3 say speech: assert gerund a person not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 know present things = thing things not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus 5 not is present things true property tree rules 6 trick to-infinitive things not said here someone vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Calling someone a liar means you think they are not telling the truth.
csubj obj det obj nsubj ccomp nsubj aux advmod ccomp det obj punct root Calling VERB someone PRON a DET liar NOUN means VERB you PRON think VERB they PRON are AUX not PART telling VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Calling obj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 liar det 4 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 think nsubj 7 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 telling nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 telling aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 telling advmod 11 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 think ccomp 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 truth det 13 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 11 telling obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund someone vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme liar=Result 2 mean present Calling vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 think speech: other present you vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 not tell speech: assert present · progressive they the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 1 The boy who cried wolf was a liar, so nobody came to help.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj nsubj acl:relcl obj cop det punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root The DET boy NOUN who PRON cried VERB wolf NOUN was AUX a DET liar NOUN , PUNCT so ADV nobody PRON came VERB to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 8 liar nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 cried nsubj 4 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 boy acl:relcl 5 wolf wolf NOUN Number=Sing 4 cried obj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 liar cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 liar det 8 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 came punct 10 so so ADV _ 12 came advmod 11 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 12 came nsubj 12 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 liar acl:relcl 13 to to PART _ 14 help mark 14 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 came xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 liar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past the boy wolf vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic 2 is a past the boy a liar tree rules 3 come past nobody a liar not said here tree rules 4 help to-infinitive nobody not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Don't call your sister a liar; ask her what happened.
aux advmod nmod:poss obj det xcomp punct conj iobj nsubj ccomp punct root Do AUX n't PART call VERB your PRON sister NOUN a DET liar NOUN ; PUNCT ask VERB her PRON what PRON happened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 call aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 call advmod 3 call call VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 sister nmod:poss 5 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 call obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 liar det 7 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 3 call xcomp 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 ask punct 9 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 call conj 10 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 ask iobj 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 12 happened nsubj 12 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 ask ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not call imperative · do-support you not said here your sister vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sister=Recipient 2 ask speech: ask infinitive you not said here her = she vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic 3 happen past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 He is a terrible liar; he always goes red.
nsubj cop det amod punct nsubj advmod conj xcomp punct root He PRON is AUX a DET terrible ADJ liar NOUN ; PUNCT he PRON always ADV goes VERB red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 liar nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 liar cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 liar det 4 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 5 liar amod 5 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 goes punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 goes nsubj 8 always always ADV PronType=Tot 9 goes advmod 9 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 liar conj 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 9 goes xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 liar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He a terrible liar tree rules 2 go present he always, red property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 A good friend is not a liar.
det amod nsubj cop advmod det punct root A DET good ADJ friend NOUN is AUX not PART a DET liar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 friend det 2 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 friend amod 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 7 liar nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 liar cop 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 liar advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 liar det 7 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 liar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present a good friend a liar tree rules
Example 5 Nobody believed the liar when he finally told the truth.
nsubj det obj advmod nsubj advmod advcl det obj punct root Nobody PRON believed VERB the DET liar NOUN when ADV he PRON finally ADV told VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 believed nsubj 2 believed believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 liar det 4 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 2 believed obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 told advmod 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 told nsubj 7 finally finally ADV _ 8 told advmod 8 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 believed advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 truth det 10 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 8 told obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 believed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe past Nobody the liar vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer liar=Stimulus 2 tell speech: assert past he the truth finally property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 6 The detective worked out who the liar was.
det nsubj compound:prt nsubj det nsubj ccomp punct root The DET detective NOUN worked VERB out ADP who PRON the DET liar NOUN was VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 worked nsubj 3 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 worked compound:prt 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 was nsubj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 liar det 7 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 8 was nsubj 8 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 worked ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work out past the detective vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 be past vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Liar, liar, pants on fire! shouted the children in the story.
The tree, 11 words nsubj punct conj punct conj case nmod punct det obj case det obl punct root Liar NOUN , PUNCT liar NOUN , PUNCT pants NOUN on ADP fire NOUN ! PUNCT shouted VERB the DET children NOUN in ADP the DET story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 9 shouted nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 liar punct 3 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Liar conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 pants punct 5 pants pants NOUN Number=Ptan 1 Liar conj 6 on on ADP _ 7 fire case 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 5 pants nmod 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Liar punct 9 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 children det 11 children child NOUN Number=Plur 9 shouted obj 12 in in ADP _ 14 story case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 story det 14 story story NOUN Number=Sing 9 shouted obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past Liar and liar and pants on fire the children the story vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Topic
Example 8 "You are an impudent liar!" cried the genius.
punct nsubj cop det amod nsubj punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT You PRON are AUX an DET impudent ADJ liar NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT cried VERB the DET genius NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 liar punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 liar nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 liar cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 liar det 5 impudent impudent ADJ Degree=Pos 6 liar amod 6 liar liar NOUN Number=Sing 9 cried nsubj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 liar punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 liar punct 9 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 genius det 11 genius genius NOUN Number=Sing 9 cried obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present You a impudent liar tree rules 2 cry speech: express past a impudent liar the genius vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent genius=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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