limestone Who acts: Limestone, We, Vinegar, Rain, Stalactites, Chalk · What happens: be, make, find, dissolve, hang · To what, where: soft sedimentary rock, shells, sedimentary rock, fossil shell, limestone, limestone fizz
«limestone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: limestone in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Limestone is a soft, usually grey or white sedimentary rock made mostly from the shells and skeletons of tiny sea creatures.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod punct advmod conj cc conj amod acl advmod case det obl cc conj case amod compound nmod punct root Limestone NOUN is AUX a DET soft ADJ , PUNCT usually ADV grey ADJ or CCONJ white ADJ sedimentary ADJ rock NOUN made VERB mostly ADV from ADP the DET shells NOUN and CCONJ skeletons NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ sea NOUN creatures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 11 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 rock cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 rock det 4 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rock amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 grey punct 6 usually usually ADV _ 7 grey advmod 7 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 4 soft conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 white cc 9 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 4 soft conj 10 sedimentary sedimentary ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rock amod 11 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 rock acl 13 mostly mostly ADV _ 12 made advmod 14 from from ADP _ 16 shells case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 shells det 16 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 12 made obl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 skeletons cc 18 skeletons skeleton NOUN Number=Plur 16 shells conj 19 of of ADP _ 22 creatures case 20 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 22 creatures amod 21 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 22 creatures compound 22 creatures creature NOUN Number=Plur 18 skeletons nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 11 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Limestone a soft sedimentary rock tree rules 2 make participle a soft sedimentary rock not said here the shells and skeletons of tiny sea creatures mostly property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from shell=Material
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Limestone is a sedimentary rock.
nsubj cop det amod punct root Limestone NOUN is AUX a DET sedimentary ADJ rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 5 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rock cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rock det 4 sedimentary sedimentary ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rock amod 5 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Limestone a sedimentary rock tree rules
Example 2 We found a fossil shell in the limestone.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON found VERB a DET fossil NOUN shell NOUN in ADP the DET limestone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shell det 4 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 5 shell compound 5 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 limestone case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 limestone det 8 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We a fossil shell the limestone vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
Example 3 Vinegar makes limestone fizz.
nsubj compound obj punct root Vinegar NOUN makes VERB limestone NOUN fizz NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vinegar vinegar NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 4 fizz compound 4 fizz fizz NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Vinegar limestone fizz vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material fizz=Product
Example 4 Rain slowly dissolves limestone and makes caves.
nsubj advmod obj cc conj obj punct root Rain NOUN slowly ADV dissolves VERB limestone NOUN and CCONJ makes VERB caves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 dissolves nsubj 2 slowly slowly ADV _ 3 dissolves advmod 3 dissolves dissolve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 3 dissolves obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 makes cc 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 dissolves conj 7 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 6 makes obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 dissolves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dissolve present Rain limestone slowly property vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent limestone=Patient 2 make present Rain not said here caves vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cave=Product
Example 5 Many old buildings are made of limestone.
amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Many ADJ old ADJ buildings NOUN are AUX made VERB of ADP limestone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buildings amod 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 buildings amod 3 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 5 made nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 made aux:pass 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 limestone case 7 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Many old buildings of limestone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 6 Stalactites hang from the roof of limestone caves.
nsubj case det obl case compound nmod punct root Stalactites NOUN hang VERB from ADP the DET roof NOUN of ADP limestone NOUN caves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stalactites stalactite NOUN Number=Plur 2 hang nsubj 2 hang hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 roof case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 roof det 5 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 2 hang obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 caves case 7 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 8 caves compound 8 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 5 roof nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 hang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang present Stalactites the roof of limestone caves vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Chalk is a kind of limestone.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Chalk NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP limestone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chalk chalk NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 limestone case 6 limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chalk a kind of limestone tree rules
Example 8 Limestone is ground up to make cement.
compound cop compound:prt mark acl obj punct root Limestone NOUN is AUX ground NOUN up ADP to PART make VERB cement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Limestone limestone NOUN Number=Sing 3 ground compound 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 ground cop 3 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 ground compound:prt 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 ground acl 7 cement cement NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Limestone ground tree rules 2 make to-infinitive cement vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cement=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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