lion Who acts: lion, golden fur, male, zoo, 3 more tigers, many legs · What happens: be, live, have, eat, do, hear · To what, where: big wild cat, Africa, large mane, symbol, 4 lions, 7 kg · Speech: someone speaks here
«lion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lion in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A lion is a big wild cat with golden fur that lives mostly in Africa. The male has a large mane of hair around its head.
Sentence 1: A lion is a big wild cat with golden fur that lives mostly in Africa.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl punct root A DET lion NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ wild ADJ cat NOUN with ADP golden ADJ fur NOUN that PRON lives VERB mostly ADV in ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cat det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 7 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 fur case 9 golden golden ADJ Degree=Pos 10 fur amod 10 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 lives nsubj 12 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 fur acl:relcl 13 mostly mostly ADV _ 12 lives advmod 14 in in ADP _ 15 Africa case 15 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 12 lives obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lion a big wild cat with golden fur tree rules 2 live present golden fur Africa mostly property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The male has a large mane of hair around its head.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET male NOUN has VERB a DET large ADJ mane NOUN of ADP hair NOUN around ADP its PRON head NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 male det 2 male male NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mane det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mane amod 6 mane mane NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 hair case 8 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 6 mane nmod 9 around around ADP _ 11 head case 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 head nmod:poss 11 head head NOUN Number=Sing 8 hair nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the male a large mane of hair around male's head vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mane=Patient
Meaning 2 A lion is also a symbol of courage and strength.
det nsubj cop advmod det case nmod cc conj punct root A DET lion NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET symbol NOUN of ADP courage NOUN and CCONJ strength NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 6 symbol nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 symbol cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 symbol advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 symbol det 6 symbol symbol NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 courage case 8 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 6 symbol nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 strength cc 10 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 8 courage conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 symbol punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lion a symbol of courage and strength tree rules
Example 1 The zoo has 4 lions.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET zoo NOUN has VERB 4 NUM lions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 zoo det 2 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 lions nummod 5 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the zoo 4 lions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient
Example 2 Each lion eats 7 kg of meat a day.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root Each DET lion NOUN eats VERB 7 NUM kg NOUN of ADP meat NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats nsubj 3 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 eats obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 meat case 7 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 5 kg nmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 eats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present each lion 7 kg of meat day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kg=Patient
Example 3 There are 3 more tigers than lions.
expl nummod amod nsubj case nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM more ADJ tigers NOUN than ADP lions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 tigers nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 tigers amod 5 tigers tiger NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 6 than than ADP _ 7 lions case 7 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 5 tigers nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 3 more tigers than lions there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 How many legs do 5 lions have?
advmod amod nsubj nummod nsubj ccomp punct root How ADV many ADJ legs NOUN do VERB 5 NUM lions NOUN have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 legs amod 3 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 do nsubj 4 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 lions nummod 6 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 do ccomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present many legs tree rules 2 have present 5 lions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 A lion's roar can be heard far away.
det nmod:poss case nsubj aux aux:pass advmod advmod punct root A DET lion NOUN 's PART roar NOUN can AUX be AUX heard VERB far ADV away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 4 roar nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 lion case 4 roar roar NOUN Number=Sing 7 heard nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 heard aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 heard aux:pass 7 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 away advmod 9 away away ADV _ 7 heard advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear can · passive a lion's roar away property vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus 2 roar a lion nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Lions live in groups called prides.
nsubj case obl acl xcomp punct root Lions NOUN live VERB in ADP groups NOUN called VERB prides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 groups case 4 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 groups acl 6 prides pride NOUN Number=Plur 5 called xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Lions groups vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location 2 call participle groups not said here prides vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The lionesses hunt for food.
det nsubj case obl punct root The DET lionesses NOUN hunt VERB for ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lionesses det 2 lionesses lioness NOUN Number=Plur 3 hunt nsubj 3 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunt obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present the lionesses for food vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for food=Theme
Example 8 In the fable, a little mouse helps a lion.
case det obl punct det amod nsubj det obj punct root In ADP the DET fable NOUN , PUNCT a DET little ADJ mouse NOUN helps VERB a DET lion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 fable case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fable det 3 fable fable NOUN Number=Sing 8 helps obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 fable punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mouse det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mouse amod 7 mouse mouse NOUN Number=Sing 8 helps nsubj 8 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lion det 10 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 8 helps obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a little mouse a lion the fable vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Beneficiary
Example 9 He took the lion's share of the cake.
nsubj det nmod:poss case obj case det nmod punct root He PRON took VERB the DET lion NOUN 's PART share NOUN of ADP the DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 lion det 4 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 6 share nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 lion case 6 share share NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 cake case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cake det 9 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 6 share nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past He the lion's share of the cake vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Theme 2 share the lion the cake nom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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