lipogram Who acts: teacher, I, am, Writing, you, lipogram · What happens: not use, letter, ask, write, be, run · To what, where: piece, purpose, alphabet, us, lipogram, a · Speech: someone speaks here
«lipogram» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lipogram in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A piece of writing in which one letter of the alphabet is never used on purpose, for example a story with no letter "e".
The tree, 24 words det nsubj:pass case nmod case obl nummod obj case det nmod aux:pass advmod case obl punct case obl det appos case det nmod punct appos punct punct root A DET piece NOUN of ADP writing NOUN in ADP which PRON one NUM letter NOUN of ADP the DET alphabet NOUN is AUX never ADV used VERB on ADP purpose NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN a DET story NOUN with ADP no DET letter NOUN " PUNCT e NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 piece det 2 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 14 used nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 4 writing case 4 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 2 piece nmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 which case 6 which which PRON PronType=Rel 8 letter obl 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 letter nummod 8 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 4 writing obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 alphabet case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 alphabet det 11 alphabet alphabet NOUN Number=Sing 8 letter nmod 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 used aux:pass 13 never never ADV PronType=Neg 14 used advmod 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 15 on on ADP _ 16 purpose case 16 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 14 used obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 example punct 18 for for ADP _ 19 example case 19 example example NOUN Number=Sing 14 used obl 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 story det 21 story story NOUN Number=Sing 19 example appos 22 with with ADP _ 24 letter case 23 no no DET PronType=Neg 24 letter det 24 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 21 story nmod 25 " " PUNCT _ 26 e punct 26 e e NOUN Number=Sing 24 letter appos 27 " " PUNCT _ 26 e punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 14 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use present · passive a piece of writing purpose for example vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for example=Eventuality 2 letter the alphabet nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Our teacher asked us to write a lipogram without the letter "a".
The tree, 12 words nmod:poss nsubj iobj mark xcomp det obj case det obl punct appos punct punct root Our PRON teacher NOUN asked VERB us PRON to PART write VERB a DET lipogram NOUN without ADP the DET letter NOUN " PUNCT a DET " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked iobj 5 to to PART _ 6 write mark 6 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lipogram det 8 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 6 write obj 9 without without ADP _ 11 letter case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 letter det 11 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 6 write obl 12 " " PUNCT _ 13 a punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 letter appos 14 " " PUNCT _ 13 a punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past Our teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 write not said to happen to-infinitive Our teacher not said here a lipogram without the letter vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lipogram=Theme
Example 2 "I am big, I can run" is not a lipogram without "a", because "am" has an "a".
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj cop punct nsubj aux parataxis punct cop advmod det obl case punct obl punct punct mark punct nsubj punct parataxis reparandum punct obj punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON am AUX big ADJ , PUNCT I PRON can AUX run VERB " PUNCT is AUX not PART a DET lipogram NOUN without ADP " PUNCT a DET " PUNCT , PUNCT because SCONJ " PUNCT am NOUN " PUNCT has VERB an DET " PUNCT a DET " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 big punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 big nsubj 3 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 big cop 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 run punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 run nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 run aux 8 run run VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 lipogram parataxis 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 run punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 lipogram cop 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 lipogram advmod 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 lipogram det 13 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 4 big obl 14 without without ADP _ 16 a case 15 " " PUNCT _ 16 a punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 big obl 17 " " PUNCT _ 4 big punct 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 has punct 19 because because SCONJ _ 23 has mark 20 " " PUNCT _ 21 am punct 21 am a.m. NOUN Number=Sing 23 has nsubj 22 " " PUNCT _ 21 am punct 23 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 big parataxis 24 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 a reparandum 25 " " PUNCT _ 26 a punct 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 has obj 27 " " PUNCT _ 23 has punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 4 big punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present I without a; big property tree rules 2 run in a quote can I vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not is a present a lipogram tree rules 4 have present am a vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent a=Patient
Example 3 A whole French novel was written as a lipogram with no letter "e".
The tree, 13 words det amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct appos punct punct root A DET whole ADJ French ADJ novel NOUN was AUX written VERB as ADP a DET lipogram NOUN with ADP no DET letter NOUN " PUNCT e NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 novel det 2 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 4 novel amod 3 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 4 novel amod 4 novel novel NOUN Number=Sing 6 written nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 written aux:pass 6 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 as as ADP _ 9 lipogram case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 lipogram det 9 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 6 written obl 10 with with ADP _ 12 letter case 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 letter det 12 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 9 lipogram nmod 13 " " PUNCT _ 14 e punct 14 e e NOUN Number=Sing 12 letter appos 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 e punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past · passive a whole French novel as a lipogram with no letter vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Result as lipogram=Attribute
Example 4 Writing a lipogram makes you think hard about words.
csubj det obj obj xcomp advmod case obl punct root Writing VERB a DET lipogram NOUN makes VERB you PRON think VERB hard ADV about ADP words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Writing write VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 makes csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lipogram det 3 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 1 Writing obj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 makes obj 6 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 makes xcomp 7 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 6 think advmod 8 about about ADP _ 9 words case 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 think obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write gerund a lipogram vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lipogram=Theme 2 make present Writing you tree rules 3 think speech: other infinitive you not said here about words; hard property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about word=Topic
Example 5 Can you spot which letter this lipogram leaves out?
aux nsubj det obj det nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt punct root Can AUX you PRON spot VERB which DET letter NOUN this DET lipogram NOUN leaves VERB out ADP ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 spot aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 spot nsubj 3 spot spot VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 which which DET PronType=Int 5 letter det 5 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 spot obj 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 lipogram det 7 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 8 leaves nsubj 8 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 letter acl:relcl 9 out out ADP _ 8 leaves compound:prt 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 spot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot can you which letter vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Destination 2 leave out present this lipogram which letter not said here vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
Example 6 My lipogram about a cat had no "t", so I called it a "kitty-cuddly animal"… oops, that has a "t"!
The tree, 21 words nmod:poss nsubj case det nmod det punct obj punct punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj det punct compound punct amod xcomp punct punct conj punct nsubj acl:relcl det punct obj punct punct root My PRON lipogram NOUN about ADP a DET cat NOUN had VERB no DET " PUNCT t NOUN " PUNCT , PUNCT so ADV I PRON called VERB it PRON a DET " PUNCT kitty NOUN - PUNCT cuddly ADJ animal NOUN " PUNCT … PUNCT oops NOUN , PUNCT that PRON has VERB a DET " PUNCT t NOUN " PUNCT ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 lipogram nmod:poss 2 lipogram lipogram NOUN Number=Sing 6 had nsubj 3 about about ADP _ 5 cat case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cat det 5 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 2 lipogram nmod 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 t det 8 " " PUNCT _ 9 t punct 9 t t NOUN Number=Sing 6 had obj 10 " " PUNCT _ 9 t punct 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 called punct 12 so so ADV _ 14 called advmod 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 called nsubj 14 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 had parataxis 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 called obj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 animal det 17 " " PUNCT _ 21 animal punct 18 kitty kitty NOUN Number=Sing 20 cuddly compound 19 - - PUNCT _ 18 kitty punct 20 cuddly cuddly ADJ Degree=Pos 21 animal amod 21 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 14 called xcomp 22 " " PUNCT _ 21 animal punct 23 … … PUNCT _ 24 oops punct 24 oops oop NOUN Number=Plur 21 animal conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 has punct 26 that that PRON PronType=Rel 27 has nsubj 27 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 oops acl:relcl 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 t det 29 " " PUNCT _ 30 t punct 30 t t NOUN Number=Sing 27 has obj 31 " " PUNCT _ 30 t punct 32 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past My lipogram about a cat no t vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent t=Patient 2 call past I t vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient 3 have present oops a t vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent t=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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